The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220

Takako Kato

Cambridge, University Library, Kk. 3. 18

MS Items

Preface Fols 3r/1-3v/20, Genealogy Fols 3v/21-4r/23, Headings Fols 4r/23-8r/26, Additions Fols 4r/23-5r/27 interlinear & margin, History Fols 8v/1-99r/10, Additions Fols 5r-97v interlinear, Fols 8v and 67r interlinear, Fols 8v-99r interlinear and margin, Chapter title Fol. 84v/12 left margin, Fol. 85r/5 right margin, Additions Fol. 87v/22 interlinear, Fol. 87v/22 left margin, Fols 55r-91r interlinear, Fols 12r-93v interlinear and margin, Fols 7r-92v interlinear and margin and Running Titles Fols 9r-99r.

Physical Description

Object Description

Hand Description

Decoration Description

Additions

Binding Description

Accompanying Material

History

Additional Information

Administration Information

Surrogates

Bibliography

Back to List of MSS and Descriptions

Bede, Historia ecclesiastica

Date: s. xi2

Summary:

The Old English translation of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum, written in Worcester. The manuscript contains contemporary interlineata and marginalia both in English and Latin which were also added in Worcester.

Additions in Latin by Tremulous Hand are from 1225-50.

Manuscript Items:

Item: Fols 3r/1-3v/20
Item: Fols 3v/21-4r/23
Item: Fols 4r/23-8r/26
Item: Fols 4r/23-5r/27 interlinear & margin
Item: Fols 8v/1-99r/10
Item: Fols 5r-97v interlinear
Item: Fols 8v and 67r interlinear
Item: Fols 8v-99r interlinear and margin
Item: Fol. 84v/12 left margin
Item: Fol. 85r/5 right margin
Item: Fol. 87v/22 interlinear
Item: Fol. 87v/22 left margin
Item: Fols 55r-91r interlinear
Item: Fols 12r-93v interlinear and margin
Item: Fols 7r-92v interlinear and margin
Item: Fols 9r-99r

Physical Description:

Object Description:

Form: Codex

Support: Parchment. ii + 97 + iii. The pastedowns are parchment flyleaves, s. xvi.

Extent:

ca. 320 mm x ca. 225 mm (dimensions of - size of leaves)

ca. 268 mm x ca. 158 mm (dimensions of - size of written space)

Foliation and/or Pagination:

Foliated in pencil, [ii] + 1-102.

Fols 3-99 were formerly paginated on rectos in red pencil, 1-193.

Collation:

Quires:

Fols i and ii: pastedown from old binding

Fols 1 and 2 are parchment flyleaves, s. xvi.

Fols 3-99: 18 (3-10; fols 5 and 8 are singletons), 28 (11-18), 38 (19-26), 48 (27-34), 58 (35-42), 68 (43-50), 78 (51-58), 88 (59-66), 98 (67-74; fols 69 and 72 are singletons), 108 (75-82), 118 (83-90), 128+1 (91-99; fol. 98 is a singleton).

Fols 100-02 are old flyleaves; the current pastedown is from the previous binding.

Signatures:

aj (fol. 3r),

bj (fol. 11r), + (fol. 15r),

cj (fol. 19r), + (fol. 23r),

dj (fol. 27r), + (fol. 31r),

ej (fol. 35r), + (fol. 39r),

fj (fol. 43r), + (fol. 47r),

gj (fol. 51r), + (fol. 55r), + (fol. 63r), + (7fol. 1r),

kj (fol. 75r), + (fol. 79r), + (fol. 87r),

mj (fol. 91r), + (fol. 95r), m vij *(fol. 98r),

2 (fol. 100r)

Diagram:

See diagram

Condition:

Holes in parchment: fols 45, 64, 88, 94, 95, 99. Some holes were there before the text was copied (fol. 95r).

Layout description:

Layout is irregular. The marks of pricking and ruling are visible in some folios. Ruled mostly for 30 long lines, and 29 on fols 3 and 10. Two ruling patterns: LO09 and LO11.

Hand description:

Number of hands:

Summary:

Hemming

Ker 1957

Methods of Alteration:

Hand:

Scope: Major
Scribe: Hemming
Script: English Vernacular Minuscle
Date: s. xi2
Description: This scribe copied the whole of the main text (fols 3-99. Preface, Genealogy, Table of Contents and History). Ker identifies this hand as probably Hemming, monk of Worcester (1948, pp. 57 and 72; 1957, p. lvi), and describes it as 'a regular, stiff, and rather ugly hand which occurs also in five other Worcester manuscripts and in Harley Charter 83'. (Ker 1957, Item 23). Ker's observation that this hand is 'ugly' is subjective, as Miller 1890-98 describes it as 'a neat hand' (p. xx). The script is regular and relatively round, with a broad horizontal spread.
Rustic capitals for the incipit (fol. 8v) and book headings. Chapter numbers given throughout the text are probably by Hemming too. The capitals have a style, and they are written in calligraphic script.

The scribe sometimes wrote the last few words of the chapter to the right end of the first line of the next chapter in order to avoid a widow. The first line of the new chapter and the last few words from the previous chapter are often marked with a dividing line, probably by later hands, and some of them were possibly marked by Coleman. The dividing lines are sometimes coloured or emphasised further.
Summary of the characteristics of the hand:
Ker 1957 says that a is 'nearly Caroline', but Caroline a with a short and straight loop at the top occurs only occasionally. a is mostly insular with a single compartment. It is slightly rounded and triangular at the top.
æ 'with regular high e', as Ker 1957 says.
d is very low with a little flick which often creates a slight concave.
Insular e is often horned; long tongue in final position.
ę is occasionally used.
The descender of f curves slightly to the left at the end; the tongue of f is longer than the shoulder and curves up very slightly at the end.
The headstroke of insular g - when there is one - 'is often slightly concave', as Ker 1957 says. The downstroke of the letter is sometimes connected to the headstroke at the very left end, and shapes a round top. The bottom lobe is always closed.
Insular h sometimes has a distinct serif to the right, sometimes a small foot to the right. The ascender is wedged.
minims sometimes have distinct serifs to the right, and sometimes small and flat feet.
p has a round lobe, and its descender finishes with a straight line serif which turns up to the right.
r is insular form with a straight descender and a straight right foot with a serif to the right.
Three kinds of s: insular s with a straight descender and a small head, the right end of the head curving downward; Caroline long s with a head which curves gently (often finishing without curving downwards) and a descender curving to the left, the head often joining the descender half way down; the long s at the end of a word, sometimes with a distinct curly head. The double ss are mostly spelled with two long ss.
t has a round back, and 'the headstroke of t is often slightly concave', as Ker 1957 notes.
The ascender of þ is often wedged, sometimes forming a serif to the left at the top. The descender is shorter than the ascender, and straight.
ð has a round lobe, and its ascender goes up to the left at an angle of 45 degrees, extending much further than the left end of the lobe. The top of the ascender is straight, and the crossbar has a small serif pointing upwards at the left end and downwards at the right end.
y is dotted. The descender is straight at an angle of 45 degrees, and sometimes long with a small flick to the right.
ƿ often has a triangular lobe with a pointed corner at the top right, but the shape of the lobe is sometimes round and elongated. The lobe meets the stem below the writing line. The descender is without a serif,and sometimes curves slightly to the left and tapers.
ascenders are longer than descenders, except on d. Ascenders of b, h and l often have small wedges at the top.
descenders are relatively short and straight.
accents are sometimes found on vowels.
A used in the Incipit and book headings is usually triangular and has a bottom line, whereas capital A within the text is open at the bottom. A tall Caroline a is also used within the text.
Æ within the text uses an open rustic A, and the head of e is very small.
The bottom horizontal line of rustic E is usually the shortest. The top horizontal line often has a small downward serif to the left at its end, and the middle horizontal line is sometimes wavy and the longest of the three. A tall Caroline e with a tongue to the right is used as a capital letter within the text.
Rustic F has a distinct diagonal head, while the back and the horizontal bar are very short. The right end of the head is higher than other letters. The capital letter F within the text, is tall and balanced, and it has serifs at the right ends of two horizontal lines which are approximately the same length; it also has a foot.
H in the Incipit is a Caroline h in a larger size.
The ascender of L in the Incipit is higher than other letters, while the horizontal bottom line is very short.
The V-shaped part of M in both the Incipit and the main text is on the writing line, and the final diagonal stroke curves inward and tapers upwards at the end. In the main text, uncial M is also used.
The final stroke of N in the Incipit extends below the writing line and tapers to the left. The diagonal stroke in the middle is sometimes at less than 15 degrees. The main text has two kinds of N: the letter with the long final stroke, and a balanced letter with distinct serifs at the top and bottom of the left descender and right descender with a split top.
S in the Incipit and book headings is higher than other letters and its top lobe is larger than the bottom one.
The head of T in the Incipit and book headings is decorative. It is wavy and its right end goes upwards and sometimes curves back to the left.
Abbreviations:
˥ with straight head and straight downstroke; & is occasionally used.
macrons often have an upward serif at the left end and a downward serif at the right end.
'þæt' with a þ and a cross-bar.
ƀ for 'bisscop'.
Punctuation: Punctuation at the end of a chapter is three dots forming a triangle above a comma. The text is mainly punctuated by a period or a punctus above the writing line.
Ligatures: st ligature is occasionally used.
Correcting technique: The main hand adds alterations and glosses interlinearly throughout. Approximately 180 additions are identified as being by the main scribe, but sometimes it is difficult to be certain, particularly when the addition is a single letter. The descender is sometimes characteristically shorter when the word is added interlinearly: for example, 'r' and 'ƿ' (fol. 23r/22); 'r' (fol. 27v/01); 's' (fol. 43v/30); '˥' and 'r' (fol. 86r/13), and so on.
A comma-shaped insertion point is often used. The descender of superscript g is used as insertion mark when g is ommitted from the word. (fols 57v/07, 55v/10, 55v/09).

Most of these additions by the main scribe are short, i.e., a single letter, a single word, or a few words. The only exception is at fol. 63v/15, where the scribe adds the whole passage, which had been omitted, in the left margin vertically: '˥ sƿa hƿyder ymb sƿa he beden ƿæs ferde ˥ cyric sang lærde'. The addition is enclosed with an anchor mark and a cross at the beginning and the end, and the insertion point in the text is also marked by the anchor and a cross. The cross mark is similar to those used by Coleman.

There is often a caret mark in the shape of a comma. Sometimes original letters or words are cancelled by expunction marks (for example, fol. 25v/13).
Other manuscripts:
- CCCC 146, pp. iii, iv, 1-60, 319-30 (Some additions by this scribe. This manuscript came to Worcester from Winchester.)
- CCCC 391, the portiforium of Wulfstan, pp. 601-03, 611-12 (This scribe also wrote Latin texts on pp. 597-612. This scribe comfortably writes both in Old English and Latin.)
- Tiberius A. xiii, fols 119-25 and some additions
- Harley Charter 83. A. 3
- Hatton 114, fol. 246v
- Junius 121, fols 2v-3 and parts of 'An Easter Day Homily', fols 148v-54v

Hand:

Scope: Minor
Script: English Vernacular Minuscle
Description: This hand appears interlinearly and in margins in fols 14r-93v, and it resembles that of Hemming who copied the main text. Characteristics of this hand which might help to distinguish it from Hemming are listed below.
Date: s. xi2
Summary of the characteristics of the hand:
g is in the shape of '5', and it leans slightly to the right.
The vertical bar of ð does not cross the ascender, and it has an downward serif at the right end.
þ has very short descender.
Correcting technique: Words are sometimes inserted with comma-shaped caret marks. There is also an addition to the margin.

Hand:

Scope: Minor
Script: English Vernacular Minuscle
Description: Some interlinear additions which contain a '5'-shaped 'g' were probably by a different hand from the one described above. Here again, only the characteristics of this hand which help distinguish it from Hemming are listed below.
Date: s. xi2
Summary of the characteristics of the hand:
g in the shape of '5' without slanting. It is vertical.
The feet of h do not have serifs.
Caroline s is short, and its descender finishes on the writing line.
t often has a straight back.
Abbreviations: The descender of ˥ extends below the writing line.

Hand:

Scope: Minor
Scribe: Coleman
Script: Rustic Capitals, and English Vernacular Minuscle with influence of Caroline forms
Description: Coleman (d. 1113), chancellor and then chaplain of bishop Wulfstan, and also the author of the lost Life of Bishop Wulfstan in Old English, used by William of Malmesbury in writing his Latin Vita Wulfstani. In fol. 87v, a note to Book 5, Chapter 13 is signed as '[cplf]mbn'. The titles to Book 5, Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 in rustic capitals are added in the margins of fols 84v and 85r by Coleman. Some interlinear additions are also by this scribe.
Date: s. xi2
Summary of the characteristics of the hand:
a is insular with a single compartment. It is triangular at the top, and the top is slightly rounded.
a and e are the same height in the combination æ.
d has a round back, and the end of d sometimes flicks back to the right. The ascender is at 45º.
e is round and has a tongue.
f is insular, with the tongue is slightly longer than the head.
g is insular form. The top is straight, and the corners of the 'c' shape on the top are at 90º. The bottom loop is an oval shape and closed.
The feet of h are short. The left foot does not have a serif, while the right foot has a serif to the right. The head of the arch is pointed and its highest point is on the top of the right foot. The ascender has an wedge at the top.
l has a wedge at the top and a serif to the right at the bottom.
r is insular form.
The foot of Caroline s is short and it extends only slightly beyond the writing line.
t has a round back and its head sometimes extends to the right.
ð has a small lobe and the crossbar has a downward serif at the right end only.
The descender of þ is very short and the lobe is triangular.
A is triangular with a small head at 45º.
The middle horizontal line of E is usually the shortest one. The top horizontal line often has a small downward serif to the left at its end.
Rustic F has a distinct and wavy diagonal head, while the back and the horizontal cross bar are very short. The right end of the head is higher than other letters. It has a distinct foot.
Two types of H: a Caroline h with a distinct right foot, in a larger size; and a Rustic H with wedged ascenders and feet.
The ascender of L is wedged and higher than other letters, while the horizontal bottom line is short and wavy.
The final stroke of N extends below the writing line and tapers to the left.
The top of S in the Incipit and book headings is higher than other letters, and its top lobe is larger than the bottom one.
The head of T is decorative. It is wavy and its right end goes upwards.
V has a broad angle.
This scribe often uses the descender of a letter as insertion point (fol. 89v/24).
Abbreviations: The descender of ˥ extends below the writing line.
Punctuation: · is used.
Correcting technique:
- An extended descender is sometimes used as an insertion point.
- A comma-shaped caret mark is also used.
- The scribe sometimes physically erases the main text to correct it.
- Additions in the margins are usually enclosed by a L-shaped frame with a concave semi-circle in its corner.
- The insertion point in the text and the addition in the margin are both marked by an abbreviated 'vel' which is in the shape of a cross. These marks may have been used for different purposes as well, as they also appear within the main text without any additions (91r/23-24).
Language: Coleman uses double consonants.
Other manuscripts:
- CCCC 178 + CCC 162, pp. 139-60 (minuscules in p. 142, small reproduction in Stoneman 1987)
- CCCC 265, fols 1-268
- Otho C. i., vol. 2
- Hatton 113 (minuscules in fol. 78v, reproduced in Ker, 'Coleman', 1949)
- Hatton 114
- Worcester CL, F. 48 (See Johnson and Rudolf, 2010)
- Worcester CL, Q. 21 (See McIntyre 1978, pp. 40-45)

Hand:

Scope: Minor
Script: Caroline minuscule
Description: Latin glosses in a neat, small and pointed hand of s. xiiiin are on fols 8v and 67r. They are in thin and pale brown ink. Lines were specifically ruled in hardpoint for these glosses.
Summary of the characteristics of the hand:
a is Caroline.
d has a round back, with a tall ascender.
f is short and finishes on the line.
Caroline g with a round lobe on the top which has a horizontal tongue from the upper right. The loop starts from the bottom right corner, curves to the right, draws a straight slanting line to the left, and finishes with an downward serif.
The head of long s is a straight horizontal line and its vertical line is on the writing line.
Abbreviations: Uses ˥ with and without a crossing bar, as well as &.

Hand:

Scope: Minor
Scribe: Tremulous Hand
Script: Gothic
Description: Glosses in the 'Tremulous' Hand occur throughout. Particularly heavily glossed up to fol. 12, although many have been erased. Most of the glosses in this manuscript were by the 'B state, dark and neat and with a medium-thick stroke', 'some M, and a fair bit of C' (Franzen 1991, p. 63). These states, according to Ker, 'Tremulous', 1937, 'can hardly be earlier than 1225 and may not be much, if at all, earlier than 1250'.
Other manuscripts:
- Cambridge, Clare College 30
- CCCC 12
- CCCC 162, pp. 139-60
- CCCC 178
- CCCC 198
- CCCC 391
- CCCC 557 + University Library, Kanzas, MS Y 103
- Glasgow, Hunterian 431
- Otho. B. x, fols 29, 30
- Otho. C i, part II
- Harley 55
- Hatton 20
- Hatton 76
- Hatton 113
- Hatton 114
- Hatton 115 + University Library, Kanzas, MS Y 104
- Hatton 116
- Junius 121
- Laud Misc. 482
- Worcester, CL F. 174

Hand:

Scope: Minor
Script: Rustic Capitals
Description: Running Titles in Latin are in very irregular rustic capitals.
The head of B is sometimes open and the bottom is sometimes open too.
The top horizontal line often has a small downward serif to the left at its end and the middle horizontal line sometimes crosses the vertical line.

Decoration Description:

Large initials; textual divisions: Book and chapter divisions are mostly marked with one-line (sometimes two-line) large initials throughout. The beginning of each book is in metallic red, and chapters begin with colour initials in red or purple. About half of the width of a letter is in the margin, and half is indented within the main text. The very beginning of the main text is marked with a three-line capital letter 'B' (fol. 20v). For the layout of fol. 8v, see also 5. Item (4) above. The final strokes of some of the large capitals have simple flourishes : 'F' (fol. 60r), 'Ƿ' (fol. 60v), 'M (fol. 61v), 'Ƿ' (fol. 79r), and so on. Some letters have more elaborate flourishes: 'O' (fol. 32r) and 'Ę' (fol. 47v). Some letters are written in black, and coloured with red: 'Ð' (fol. 6v), 'Ð' (fol. 9v), 'Ę' (fol. 20r), 'Ð' (fol. 20v).

Capital letters; beginning of sentences: When the beginning of a sentence coincides with the beginning of a line, the capital letter is emphasised and set in the left bounding lines: 'S' (fol. 23r), 'Æ' (fol. 29r), 'N' and 'Ð' (fol. 29v), 'Ð' (fol. 31v), F (fol. 32r), F (fol. 32v), S (fol. 33r), Ð (fol. 35r) Ð (fol. 35r), Ð (fol. 36v), C (fol. 36v) and so on. Some of these are coloured; some are in black and touched in red. Some capital letters in the middle of the text are occasionally touched in red too: 'Ð' (fol. 28r), 'Ð' (fol. 34r), 'S' (fol. 46v), 'S' (fol. 59v), and several letters in fol. 83v are emphasized.

Additions:

Two kinds of paragraph marks are added in the margin by a later hand. The first one consists of lines and looks like a combination of a letter 'E' and a long vertical line which slants to the left at the bottom end (fols 27v, 35r, 98r, etc). The other is in a shape of usual paragraph mark, but the top horizontal line ends with a flourish which curls upward, and the vertical line extends downwards and ends with a flourish which curls upward to the left (fols 38v, 72r, 83v, etc). The former was probably added first, as in fol. 90r the former is physically erased and the latter is added on top.
Robert Talbot's notes.
In fol. 19v, left margin, there is a note drawing attention to Jewel's use of the OE Bede in his Defense of the Apologie (ed. 1571, p. 520).
References to other versions are added throughout the manuscript (fols 21r, 28r, 30v, 41r, etc).
As Miller 1959-63 says, on iv, there is a couplet in red which is repeated on fol. 99v: 'Historicus quondam fecit me Beda latinum, | Ælfred rex Saxo transtulit ille pius.'
On the first page 'Ælfred' is altered roughly into 'Ælured'.

Binding Description:

Binding of s. xviii. There are 3 blank parchments at the beginning and 4 at the end, the first and last of all being pasted down in the binding. Marks on the endleaves show that an older binding had four bosses on each cover. Ker 1957 makes a reference to the s. xvi binding of CUL Ii. 2. 4, which had four bosses on each cover, now missing. The volume is now kept in a green box with red label and gold lettering.

Accompanying Material:

Parchment flyleaves, s. xvi.

History:

Origin:

Worcester. Written at Worcester by Hemming who also copied part of five other manuscripts. Glosses by Tremulous Hand in s. xiii2/4 in Worcester.

Provenance:

There is an inscription, 'Mathhæus Cantiar, 1574', at the head of fol. 3r.

Acquisition:

No. 3 in the list of manuscripts given by Archbishop Parker to Cambridge University in 1574. Old Cambridge marks are 'D. δ. 6' and '241'.

Additional Information:

Administration Information:

Manuscript described by Takako Kato with the assistance of Hollie Morgan (2010; 2013). Thanks are due to Winfried Rudolf for his advice on the running titles and on Coleman.

Surrogates:

EM Project facsimile

A black and white microfilm of is available at CUL

Roberts, Jane, Guide to Scripts Used in English Writings up to 1500 (London: British Library, 2005), C3, pl. 22

Bibliography:

A Catalogue of the Manuscripts Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge, 5 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1856-57; München: Kraus Reprint, 1980)

Davis, R. H. C., 'Bede after Bede', in Studies in Medieval History for R. Allen Brown, ed. by C. Harper-Bill, C. J. Holdsworth and J. L. Nelson (Woodbridge: Brewer, 1989), pp. 103-13

Franzen, Christine, The Tremulous Hand of Worcester: A Study of Old English in the Thirteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991)

Gneuss, Helmut, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100 (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieavl and Renaissance Studies, 2001), item 22

Graham, Timothy, 'Robert Talbot's "Old Saxonice Bede": Cambridge University Library MS Kk. 3. 18 and the "Alphabetum Norwagicum" of British Library, Cotton MS Domitian A. IX', in Books and Collectors 1200-1700, ed. by James C. Carley and Colin G. C. Tite (London: The British Library, 1997), pp. 295-316

Gransden, Antonia, 'Bede's Reputation as an Historian in Medieval England', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 32.4 (1981), 397-425

Greatrex, Joan, Biographical Register of the English Cathedral Priories of the Province of Canterbury, c.1066-1540 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999)

Johnson, David F., and Winfried Rudolf, 'More Notes by Coleman', Medium Ævum, 79 (2010), 1-13

Ker, N. R., Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957; repr. 1990), item 23

---, 'The Date of the "Tremulous" Worcester Hand', Leeds Studies in English, 6 (1937), 28-29

---, 'Hemming's Cartulary: A Description of the Two Worcester Cartularies in Cotton Tiberius A. xiii', in Studies in Medieval History Presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke, ed. by R. W. Hunt, W. A. Pantin and R.W. Southern (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1948), pp. 49-75

---, 'Old English Notes Signed "Coleman"', Medium Ævum, 18 (1949), 27-30

Laing, Margaret, Catalogue of Sources for a Linguistic Atlas of Early Medieval English (Woodbridge: Brewer, 1993)

McIntyre, E. A., 'Early Twelfth Century Worcester Cathedral Priory, with special reference to the manuscripts written there' (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford, 1978)

Miller, T., ed., The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of The English People, EETS, OS 95, 96, 110, 111, 4 pts, 2 vols (1890-98; London: Oxford University Press, 1959-63)

Roberts, Jane, Guide to Scripts Used in English Writings up to 1500 (London: British Library, 2005)

Rudolf, Winfried, 'Running Titles in Late Old English Manuscripts from Worcester', a paper presented at International Medieval Congress (Leeds, 2006)

Schipper, J., ed., König Alfreds Übersetzung von Bedas Kirchengeschichte (Leipzig: Wigand, 1897-99 )

Scragg, Donald, Alexander Rumble, and Kathryn Powell, C11 Database Project (Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies, http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/mancass/c11database/; 2009)

Stoneman, W., 'Another Old English Note Signed "Coleman"', Medium Ævum, 56 (1987), 78-82

Thomson, Rodney Malcolm, and Michael Gullick, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Medieval Manuscripts in Worcester Cathedral Library (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Published on behalf of the Dean and Chapter of Worcester Cathedral by Brewer, 2001)

Wanley, H., Librorum Veterum Septentrionalium Catalogus (1705)

Whelock, A., ed., Bede, Historiæ ecclesiasticæ gentis Anglorum libri V (Cantabrigiae: Excudebat Rogerus Daniel, 1643)

Zupitza, Julius, 'Drei alte Excerpte aus Älfreds Beda', ZfdA, 30 (1886), 185-86