The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220
© 2010-13 The Production and Use of
English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220 |
Ed. by ODR, TK, MS & ET,
ISBN 095323195X |
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A collection of Anglo-Saxon law-codes and related texts. The manuscript has been given various dates from the late eleventh century through to the second quarter of the twelfth century. Early twentieth-century descriptions of the manuscript proposed a date of 1125-1130 (see Liebermann 1903, James 1903, pp. 230-231). Ker 1957 revises this to an earlier date of s. xii/xii (pp. 110-13). The date can be further refined to s. xiiin following the dating criteria for twelfth-century vernacular hands given by Treharne 2000.
The marginalia in Latin and French (pp. 48-52) are s. xii/xiii; lines in French (p. 5) are s. xiii.
Incipit: (fol. 39v/ 20-23) ǷE CǷEDON BE ÐAM blaseru · | ˥ beðam morð slihtu þ mon dypte ðone | að beðry fealdu ˥ myclade þ ordal ·isen · | ðet hit ƿæge ðreo pund·
Explicit: (fol. 10r/ 2-3) hƿæðer he | hlif ag ðe nag þeto ðære byrig hyron·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: The layout of the beginning of the law-code has a similar degree of emphasis to many of the sub-divisions of Alfred-Ine. Wormald (1999) argues that this and the following two items, Forfang and Hundredgemot, had become associated with Alfred-Ine as appendices. Richards (1986) argues that I Æthelred was also used in the manuscript as a fourth appendix to Alfred-Ine.
In the current ordering of the manuscript this item is split between two quires, with the beginning of the item at the end of Quire 3 and the end of the item at the beginning of Quire 1.
Decoration: A two-line, red, pen-drawn initial Ƿis inset into the first two lines of the item, fol. 30v/20-21.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 2.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 388-89.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 367-68.
Rubric (initial): (fol. 30v/20) BEMORÐSLIhTV
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xiiin
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Blaseras.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 388.
Incipit: (fol. 10r/3-5) For | fang ofer eal syhit on anscire sy hit on ma· | fiftyne penegas·
Explicit: (fol. 10r/18-19) forðam bið | on læsse plihte begytan·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: The transition from the preceding item (Blaseras) is marked only by a majuscule 'F' produced by the main hand.
Two interlinear additions made by hand 3a, s. xii2/4 'engle' and 'm' both at fol. 10r/ 8.Decoration: A two-line, red, pen-drawn E is indented into the text-block following a sub-division in the law-code at fol. 10r/7-8.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Articles 2-3.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 388-91.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 369-370.
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Forfang.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 388.
Incipit: (fol. 10r/19-20) Ðis is seo ge ræd | nyss humon þ hundred haldan | sceal · ærest(addition: Addition in margin) þ he heo gegaderian a ymb | feoƿer ƿucan·
Explicit: (fol. 11r/8-9) Ðæt | isen ðe bið to ðrim fealdum · ordale· þ ƿege ·iii·pund·
Text Language: English
Note:
The law-code begins mid-line, following on from the end of Forfang, with an 'Ð' in the main hand and ink as the rest of the item but with the shaft and bowl produced with two overlapping strokes to create a thicker, darker line. The end of the law-code originally ran into the following item I Æthelred, although the end was erased and amended into the right margin of fol. 11r/9 by Hand 3b when the break with the following law-code was re-worked and emphasised.
A number of interlinear corrections and one in the margin to the item, most probably by hand 3a.
Two '˥' have been inserted into fol. 11r/6 and 7, possibly by Hand 1 or Hand 3b.
The end of the item on fol. 11r/10 has been erased and re-written in the right margin following on from line 9 by hand 3b: 'ge·iii· pund .'
Decoration: A two-line, red, pen-drawn G is indented into the text-block following a sub-division in the law-code at fol. 10r/22-23.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 4.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 192-95.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Whitelock 1955, p. 429.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 378-79.
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Hundredgemot.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 192.
Incipit: (fol. 11r/10-11) Ðis is þage ræddnysse þe æþelred | cining
Explicit: (fol. 12r/19-20) sƿa ure ealra cƿide is. sylle | ðam cynge hund tƿelftig scill
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: The item appears to have begun originally midway through fol. 11r/10. Line 10 was erased and the beginning of the item re-written by Hand 3b to begin at the left bounding line of line 10 and with two letters in the left margin of line 11. The re-written portion is: ' Ðis is þage ræddnysse þe æþelred | ci'
Other additions and alterations to the item consist of:
Decoration: A two-line red pen-drawn Ð is set into the left margin adjacent to the text-block at fol. 11r/9-10 following the re-working of the division in the text-block with the preceding item, Hundredgemot by the miniator and Hand 3b.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 5.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 216-21.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1978, pp. 47-80.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 320-21.
Rubric (initial): (fol. 11r/10-11 right margin) ÆÐELREDES | LAGE ·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to I Æthelred.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 216.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36.
Incipit: (fol. 12v/2-5) ÐIS IS þ frið ðæt ælfred cyng ˥ guðru | cing· ˥ ealles angel cynnes ƿitan · ˥ eal seo | ðeod ðe on east englum beoð·˥ ge sƿoren hab | bað·
Explicit: (fol. 12v/25-26) þ ure ænig to | oðru fæce mid yrfe · and mid æhtu ·
Text Language: English
Note: This is the first version of Alfred and Guthrum in the manscript, catalogued and edited by Liebermann as 'B2'.
The item has been altered and added to in the margins and in the interlinear space. Most of these alterations appear to be by Hand 3a, but one is probably by hand 2.Decoration: A three-line, red, pen-drawn initial Ð is indented into the text-block at the beginning of the item, fol. 12v/1-3.
Bibliography:
Davis, 1982, pp. 803-10.
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 6.
Kershaw 2000, pp. 43-72.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 126-28.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Whitelock 1955, p. 416.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 285-86.
Rubric (initial): (fol. 12v/1) ÆLFREDES LAGA CYNINGES·
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Alfred and Guthrum. This rubric seems to have been anticipated in the initial production of the manuscript, unlike the vast majority of rubrics in CCCC 383, as the first line of the item (fol. 12v/1) was left blank to accommodate it.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 126.
Incipit: (fol. 13r/1-4) AND ÐIS IS SEOGE rædnyss· eac | ðe ælfred cyng · ˥guðru cyng · ˥eft | eadƿard cyng · ˥gyþrum cyng ·gecuran · | ˥ge cƿædon ·
Explicit: (fol. 14v/22-24) sƿa hit gebyrig oððe ða | dæde · ƿrece · sƿiðe deope· ðe cyning syon | ðeode·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Decoration: A two-line, red, pen-drawn initial A is indented into the text-block at the beginning of the item, fol. 13r/1-2.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 7.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 128-35.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Whitelock 1941, pp. 1-21.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 389-91.
Rubric (initial): (fol. 13r/ 1-2 right margin) EFT HIS ·˥Guðru | mes·˥eadƿar | deS ·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Edward and Guthrum.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 128.
Incipit: (fol. 14v/25-15r/1) ÆrEST ÐET MAN NE SǷArige (addition: interlinear) NANNE ÐEOF ÐE | æt hæbendre hand ge fangen sy· || ofer tƿelf ƿinterne·
Explicit: (fol. 15v/25-26) gyf ðær | man acƿeald ƿære· ˥ he his æt sacan
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: Ancephalous: the item ends abruptly at the end of Quire 1 (fol. 15v/ 26), from which it can be deduced that another quire originally followed on from it.
A number of alterations and additions:Decoration: A two-line, red, pen-drawn initial Æ is inset into the beginning of the item, fol. 14v/25-26.
Two-line red initials are indented at the start of each of the sub-divisions of the item in the text-block: fol. 15r/18-19, fol. 15v/2-3, 17-18 and 24-25.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 8.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 150-53.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Whitelock 1955, p. 417.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 290-308.
Rubric (initial): (fol. 14v/24) Be ðeofum ·
Explicit: (fol. 15r/17) Be lafordleafu mannu ·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubrics to II Æthelstan.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 150.
Incipit: (fol. 16r/1) Oþres bisceopes · oððe ealdor mannes | borges bryce·oððe mund byrd · ge bete | mid· ii·pundum
Explicit: (fol. 30v/19) gyf hit bisceop sunu sy· sybe helafum ðem·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: Acephalous: the beginning of the law-code is no longer extant, and it currently begins at the start of what is now Quire 2 (fol. 17r). From this it can be deduced that at least one quire originally preceded it. A folio, originally positioned between fols 20 and 21, is missing from Quire 2.
The item has been heavily amended, with around 250 interventions in the form of interlinear and marginal additions, erasures and alteration of the text-block and punctuation. The majority of the alterations are either by Hand 3a or without diagnostic traits to identify the hand, although Hands 1, 2 and 3b are also occasionally present.Decoration:
One-line and two-line red initials are indented into the text-block at the beginning of each of the sub-divisions of the item, fols 16r/4 and 14-15, 16v/11, 17 and 24, 17r/9, 19 and 24, 17v/8, 12, 17, 21 and 26, 18r/3, 7 and 18, 18v/4, 8, 13, 17 and 26, 19r/2-3, 7, 11, 13 and 19, 19v/2, 5-6, 11, 17-18 and 26, 20r/10-11 and 18, 20v/4, 9, 12 and 19, 21r/10-12, 15, 18 and 23, 23r/18, 22 and 26, 23v/7, 11 and 15, 24r/4, 9, 13, 16, 20, 23 and 25, 24v/3, 6, 10, 13-14, 17, 20 and 23, 25r/1, 8-9, 12-13, 21-22, 25v/1, 7, 10, 13-14, 18 and 22, 26r/1, 4, 8-9, 10-11, 16-17 and 25-26, 26v/6-7, 10, 16 and 20, 27r/1, 15 and 24, 27v/2-3, 8-9, 16, 18 and 23, 28r/6, 12-13, 16 and 19, 28v/6, 18-19, 20, 25, 29r/6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13-14, 18 and 20, 29v/6, 9-10, 11, 13, 14, 20, 22 and 24-25, 30r/7, 11, 15 and 18, and at 30v/ 3 and 10.
Following an erasure and amendment (possibly by Hand 3b and in association with the miniator), the beginning of the Laws of Ine has been re-worked and a five-line, red, initial I added into the left margin of fol. 23r, adjacent to lines 3-8.
Red paraph marks are inserted into the text-block of the item on fols 17v/17 and 26,18r/3. 21v/ 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22 and 24, 22r/ 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 20 and at 22v/2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 18, 22 and 26.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 1.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 51-123.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 265-85.
Explicit: (fol. 30v/9-12, right margin) BEGODFÆDERES oððe | GODSU | NES | SLA | TE·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3b
Note: Rubrics to Alfred-Ine. In other manuscript witnesses, the capitula list is given at the beginning and only the numbers are inserted into the text-block. It would appear that Hand 1 anticipated the production of Alfred-Ine to follow this pattern as space was not left for the full capitula to be rubricated adjacent to the corresponding clauses.
Rubrics are inserted into the text-block and margins where space can be found at at fols 16v/16-18 and 23-24, 17r/8, 19 and 23, 17v/7, 17, 20-21 and the lower margin, 18r/3-5 and 17-18, 18v/3-5, 7, 12-13, 16-17 and 25, 19r 1, 6, 11, 13-14 and 19, 19v/10, 16 and 25-26, 20r/9-10 and 18, 20v/2-4, 8, 11-13, 17-18 and 26, 21r/10 and 14, 23r/5, 23v/7, 10 and 15, 24r/3, 8, 12, 16, 19, 22 and 25-26, 24v/5, 10-11, 12, 16, 19, 22-23 and 26, 25r/upper margin, 6, 9-11, 12-13, 18, 22 and 26, 26r/3-4, 7-8, 10, 15-16 and 25, 26v/5-6, 9-14, 15-16, 19-20 and 25-26, 27r/ 14 and 22-24, 27v/ 2, 7, 17-19 and 21-23, 28r/5-6, 11, 15 and 18-19, 28v/5-7, 17, 19-21 and 25, 29r/13, 17 and 20-22, 29v/4-6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18-20, 21-22 and 24-25, 30r/6, 10, 13-14 and 17-18, and at 30v/3-5.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, pp. 16-123.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36.
Incipit: (fol. 38r/1) mæsse dæge·sƿa he be boden beo
Explicit: (fols 52r/26-52v/1) God ælmihtig || us eallu ge milt sie sƿa his ƿilla sy. amen.
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: The beginning of the law-code is no longer extant, and it currently begins at the start of what is now Quire 4 (fol. 38r). From this it can be deduced that at least one quire originally preceded it.
The item has been heavily amended, with around 200 interventions in the form of interlinear and marginal additions, erasures and alteration of the text-block and punctuation. The majority of the alterations are either by hand 3a or there are no diagnostic traits to identify theH hand, although Hands 1 and 2 are also occasionally present.Decoration: One-line and two-line red initials are indented into the text-block at the beginning of each of the sub-divisions of the item, at fols: 40r/22-23, 41v/25-26, 49r/20, 23-24 and 26, 49v/5-6 and 16, 50r/4-5, 50v/17-18, 51r/5, 7-8, 14, 20 and 21-23, 51v/5, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20 and 24, and at 52r/4, 7, 9, 14, 17, 20 and 24.
The miniator also amended the text-block heavily throughout the item:
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Kennedy 1983, pp. 57-81.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Articles 9-10.
Lawson 1992, pp. 565-86.
Liebermann 1903, p. 294-370.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Stafford 1982, pp. 173-90.
Whitelock 1955, p. 454.
Whitelock 1958, pp. 533-52.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 345-66.
Explicit: (51v/4, left margin) Be huntnaðe ·
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3b
Note: Rubrics to I, II Cnut.
Rubrics are inserted into the text-block and margins where space can be found at at fols 38v/12, 39v/upper margin and 13, 40v/25, 41r/24, 42r/3, 42v/11-12, 17 and 24-25, 43r/10, 44r/6, 44v/1-2 and 16, 45r/15-16, 45v/3-4, 14-15 and 21-22, 46r/2-3 and 13-14, 46v/upper margin and 9-11, 47r/1-3 and 11, 47v/upper margin, 12, 16-17, 21-22 and 24-25, 48r/13, 16, 18-19, 23-24 and 26, 48v/3, 6, 9, 11, 13 and 19, 49r/7, 49v/7-8, 16, 20-21 and lower margin, 50r/16-18, 50v/23-25, and at 51r/13-14 and 21.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, pp. 294-370.
Incipit: (fol. 52v/9-13) E ADǷERD CYNING byt ðam gerefum eal ~ | lum þ gedeman sƿa rihte domas sƿa gerih ~ | toste cunnon ˥ hit onðære dombec stande | ne ƿandie for nanu ðingum folc riht to | ge reccanne ·
Explicit: (fol. 54v/1-2) gyf hit | hƿa ofer hebbe bete sƿa ƿe ær cƿædon·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note:
Seven lines preceding the item were left blank, fol. 52v/2-8
The only alterations to the item comprise four erasures at fol. 52v/12 and fol. 53v/4, 5 and 25.
Decoration: The item begins with a two-line red initial E, fol. 52v/9-10. Another two-line red initial E is indented at the sub-division of the item where the second part begins on fol. 53v/3-4. At the subdivision of the item on fol. 54r/24 a single line indent was left in the text-block although this remains without miniaturing.
Red paraphs have been inserted into the text-block at fol. 53r/9 and 12.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Articles 11-13.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 138-45.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 286-90.
Incipit: (fol. 54v/4-7) E ADMUND CYNING ge somnode micelne | sinoð to lunde byrig onða halgan easter | licon tid ægðær ge godcundra hada ge ƿo | ruldcundra·
Explicit: (fol. 55r/4-6) ˥ lyblay ƿyrcað syn hy afram ælcu | godes dæle aporpene bute hy to rihtre dæd | bote ge cyrran ·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note:
One line preceding the item was originally left blank, fol. 54v/3.
Alterations to the item consist of:
Decoration: The item begins with a two-line red initial E, fol. 54v/4-5.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 14.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 184-87.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 308-12.
Incipit: (fol. 55r/7-10) E ADmund cyning cyð eallum folce ge yl | drum gegingru ðeon his anƿealde syn þ ic smeade mid minra ƿitena geðeahte | gegodra hada ge læƿedra·
Explicit: (fol. 56r/10-11) manbo ~ | te · ðæs on ·xxi· nih ðæs ƿeres þ fru gyld ·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note:
The only alterations to the item are three erasures fol. 55r/16, and fol. 55v/4 and 11.
Decoration: Begins with a two line red initial E indented into the text-block, fol. 55r/7-8. A two-line red initial G is inserted into the text-block over an erasure on fol. 55v/8. A red paraph has been inserted into empty space left in the middle of fol. 55v/22 and a one-line red initial Ƿ is indented into the text-block at fol. 55v/26.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 15.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 186-91.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 308-312.
Incipit: (fol. 56r/12-14) O N ðone drihten ðe ðæs halidom | is fore halig ic ƿylle beon ·N· hold ˥getry | ƿe ˥eal lufian þ he lufað ·
Explicit: (fol. 57r/12-14) ac | eal ic him ge læste þ ðæt ic him scolde sƿa | forð sƿa uncre ƿorð ge cƿydu fyr mest ƿæron·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note:
The only alteration is an erasure at fol. 57r/9.
Decoration: Begins with a one-line red initial O on fol. 56r/12.
One-line and two-line red initials are indented into the beginning of each of the sub-divisions of the text-block, at fols 56r/12 and 22, 56v/1, 10-11, 16, 19, 21 and 25, 57r/3, 8 and 11.
A red initial O has been added over an erasure on fol. 56v/1.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 16.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 396-99.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 383-84.
Rubric (initial): (56v/12-13 and right margin) Ðus man sceal | sƿerigean hyld | aðas·
Explicit: (57r/10) And sæcc ·
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3b
Note: Rubrics to Swerian.
Rubrics are inserted into the text-block and margins where space can be found at fols 56r/21-22, 56v/upper margin, 10-12, 15, 18, 20 and 24-25, and at 57r/2-3.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, pp. 396-99.
Incipit: (fol. 57r/17-20) Ð IS IS ÐÆT FRIÐ ÐÆT ÆLfred cyninc ˥ gy | ðrum cyning ˥ ealles angelcynnes ƿitan ˥ | eal seo ðeod ðeon east englu beoð ealle ge | cƿeden habbað
Explicit: (fol. 57v/22-23) ˥ to sƿutulunge þ man ƿite ðæt man | clæne bæc hæbbe ·
Text Language: English
Note: This is the second version of Alfred and Guthrum in the manuscript, catalogued and edited by Liebermann as 'B1'
Two lines preceding the item were left blank, fol. 57r/15-16.
Decoration: The item begins with a three-line, red, initial Ð indented into the text-block, fol. 57r/16-18.
Bibliography:
Davis 1982, pp. 803-10.
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 6.
Kershaw 2000, pp. 43-72.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 126-28.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Whitelock 1955, p. 416.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 285-86.
Incipit: (fols 57v/24-58r/1) Gif man mædden oððe ƿif ƿeddian ƿille | ˥ hit sƿa hire ˥ freondan gelicege don | is riht þ se bryd guma æfter godes rihte || ˥ æft ƿorold gerysnu
Explicit: (fol. 58v/3-4) ðe læs ðeman | eft tƿæme þ mæn ær aƿoh
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note:
The only alteration to the item is an erasure on fol. 58r/11.
Decoration: Begins with a one-line, red, initial G indented into the text-block, fol. 57v/24.
Hand 3a supplied a red rubric into the empty line space immediately preceding the item and in the right margin.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 18.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 442-44.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 385-87.
Rubric (initial): (fol. 57r/23-25, right margin) human mæden ƿeddian sceal · | ˥hƿylce foreƿarde þær aghon | tobeon | ne .
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Wifmannes Beweddung.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 442.
Incipit: (fol. 58v/6) Tƿelf hyndes mannes ƿer is tƿelf hund scyll.
Explicit: (fol. 59r/4-6) Eal man sceal æt cyrliscu ƿere beðære mæ ~ | ðe don ðe him to gebyreð sƿaƿebe tƿelf | hundu tealdan·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note: The line preceding the item was originally left blank (fol. 58v/5).
Decoration: The item begins with a three-line, red, initial T indented into the text-block, fol. 58v/5-7. A one-line, red, initial E is indented into the text-block at fol. 59r/4.
Two red paraphs have been inserted into the left margin adjacent to majuscules in the text-block at fol. 58v/7 and 20.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 19.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 392-95.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 374-78.
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Wer.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 392.
Incipit: (59r/6-8) Gyf feoh sy under | numen gif hit sy hors sing onhis feotere | oððe onhis bridels·
Explicit: (fol. 59r/18-20) ge dydon heom dæda ða ƿyrstan hy þ dro ~ | fe forguldon hælon hit him to hearme | miclum ˥heo hit na for helanne mihton ·
Text Language: English with Latin ' [C] (supplied: deliberately omitted by miniator) rux xpi' section on fol. 59r/13-16.
Other versions of the text:
Note: The item has been struck through in red ink.Wormald observes that the ink is definitely not that of Archbishop Parker and suggests that it may have been done by the rubricator, Hand 3a. Gobbitt argues that the charm was almost certainly crossed out by the miniator due to similarities between the inks when observed under UV light and because the item was left without miniaturing.
The only alteration to the item is the interlinear addition of an 'i' on fol. 59r/14.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 20.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 384-85.
Incipit: (fol. 59r/21-24) h it becƿæð ˥becƿæl seðe hit | ahte mid fullan folcrihte sƿa sƿa hit h (addition: interlinear) is | yldran mid feo ˥ mid feore rihte begea ~ | tan ·
Explicit: (fol. 59v/14-16) ne | socne neðummes neðearft ne mynte ic | ðe nan ðing·
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Note:
Alterations to the item consist of the interlinear addition of an 'h' on fol. 59r/ 22 and two erasures at fol. 59v/13 and 14.
Decoration: The item begins with a three-line red initial h, fol. 59r/19-21.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 21.
Liebermann 1903, p. 400.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 384-85.
Incipit: (fol. 59v/17-21) ÐIS SYND ÐAFRIÐ mal ˥ ða for ƿord | ðe æthelred cyng ˥ ealle his ƿitan | ƿið ðone here ge don habbað ðe anlaf | ˥ iustin ˥ guðmund stegitan sunu mid ƿæ | ron ·
Explicit: (fols 61v/26-62r/2) geƿitnes him to agenunge rymð || for ðam agnung bið nerðam ðe hæfð ðonne | ðam ðe æfter sprecð ·
Text Language: English
Note: The only alteration to the item is an erasure on fol. 59v/17.
Decoration: The item begins with a one-line, red, initial Ð indented into the text-block, fol. 59v/17.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 22.
Lawson 1992, pp. 565-86.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 220-25.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1978, pp. 47-80.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 369-70.
Incipit: (fol. 62r/3-5) ð IS IS SEO GERÆDNES ðe angelcynnes ƿi | tan ˥ ƿealh ðeode rædboran betƿeox | dunsetan ge setton·
Explicit: (fol. 63r/24-26) eac dunsæte | be þyrfan gif heom secyning an þ man | huru frið gif laf to heom læte ·
Text Language: English
Note:
Three erasures have been made from the item at fol. 62v/12 and fol. 64v/6 and 12.
Decoration: The item begins with a two-line, red, initial ð indented into the text-block, fol. 62r/2-3.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 23.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 374-79.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 381-82.
Incipit: (fol. 63v/1-2) Ð EGEN LAGV IS þ he sy his boc rihtes ƿyr | de ·
Explicit: (fol. 66v/22-23) ˥ eal þ ic ær be foran | ymbe rehte
Text Language: English
Note: The only alteration to the item is the addition of a 'g' to fol. 66r/5, possibly by Hand 1 or Hand 3b.
Decoration: The item begins with a two-line, red, initial ð indented into the text-block, fol. 63v/1-2.
One-line, two-line and three-line red initials are indented into the beginning of each sub-division of the item in the text-block at fols: 63v/1-2, 10-11 and 20-22, 64r/10, 64v/17 and 25, 65r/12 and 24, 65v/2-3, 5, 11-12, 17, 20 and 25, 66r/3-4, 8, 12, 16, 19 and 23-24, and at 66v/7-8.
Bibliography:
Gobbitt 2009, pp. 6-22.
Harvey 1993, pp. 1-22.
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-113, Article 24.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 444-53.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 387-89.
Explicit: (66v/23 and right margin) Be ƿudeƿarde .
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3b
Note: Rubrics to Rectitudines.
Rubrics are inserted into the text-block and margins where space can be found at at fols 63v/9 and 20, 64r/9-10 and 24-25, 65r/12 and 24, 65v/4-5, 11, 16, 19-20 and 25, and at 66r/8, 11, 15, 19 and 23.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, pp. 444-53.
Incipit: (fol. 66v/24-26) SESCAD ƿis gerefa sceal ægðær ƿitan ge | hlafordes land riht ge folces ge rihtu | beðam ðehit of ealddagu ·
Explicit: (fol. 69r/13-14) seðe bet cunne ge | cyðe his mare ·
Text Language: English
Note: Three guide letters are present in the left margin of fol. 68v/ parallel to lines 1, 11 and 16, indicating the letters that the miniator was to supply. In the case of the first, an 'a' the miniator actually supplied an Æ .
Decoration: The item begins with a two-line, red, initial S indented into the text-block, fol. 66v/24-25.
One-line and two-line red initials are indented into the beginning of each sub-division of the item in the text-block, at fols: 67v/13-14, 19 and 25, 68r/5-6 and 11-12, 68v/1, 11 and 16, and at 69r/6-7.
Bibliography:
Gardiner 2006, pp. 260-67.
Gobbitt 2009, pp. 6-22.
Harvey 1993, pp. 1-22.
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 25.
Liebermann 1886, pp. 251-56.
Liebermann 1903, pp. 453-55.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Page 1985, pp. 211-28.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36, 387-89.
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii1
Hand: 3a
Note: Rubric to Gerefa.
Bibliography:
Liebermann 1903, p. 453.
Incipit: (fol. 69r/15-16) [S] (supplied: Decoration not added) cipmen . Ofticc.iiii .Oftillingaha ·ii· | Ofdun mæƿan. ˥ oftolles funtan . i .
Explicit: (fol. 69v/1-2) Of suðmynster .v. Of claccingtu | ne ·ii · Of hæþlege · ˥ ofcodanham · i · :~
Text Language: English
Date: s. xii2/4
Hand: 2
Note: The first two lines have been indented and the opening letter of the item omitted which creates space for miniaturing to be added, fol. 69r/15-16. However, the anticipated miniaturing was not supplied. Hand 2 respected the ruled space of the folios and produced a very similar mise-en-page to that used by Hand 1 for the earlier items in the manuscript.
Bibliography:
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 26.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-184.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-236.
Incipit: (fol. 69v/3-6) [Þ] (supplied: Decoration not added) a ƿæs agangen fram cristes acennednesse | cccc .˥ xciiii . ƿintra þa cerdic ˥ cynric his | sunu coman up æt cerdices oran mid fif sci | pun ˥se cerdic ƿes elesing ·
Explicit: (69v/24-26) þa feng [xxx] (unclear: damage to support) | ƿine to rice þes cyn gæð to cerdice | he heold· ii gear · þa feng ce [xxxxx] (unclear: Damage to support) e (The item ends ancaphelous at the end of fol. 69v)
Text Language: English
Other versions of the text:
Date: s. xii2/4
Hand: 2
Note: The first two lines have been indented and the opening letter of the item omitted which creates space for miniaturing to be added, fol 69r/15-16. However, the anticipated miniaturing was not supplied. Hand 2 respected the ruled space of the folios and produced a very similar mise-en-page to that used by hand 1 for the earlier items in the manuscript.
The item is truncated at the end of Quire 7. Hand 2 seems to have made no attempt to abbreviate or compress the item to fit more into the final lines, nor ahs Hand 2 made use of the margins. It would appear that Hand 2, or somebdy with supervisorial control over this later phase of the mansucript's production, intended to extend the manuscript further. Whether these folios or quires were produced and lost or were not actually produced in the first place is beyond the scope of reasonable speculation.
Bibliography:
Dickins 1952, pp. 74-80.
Dumville 1986, pp. 1-32.
James 1903, pp. 230-31.
Ker 1957, pp. 110-13, Article 27.
Lucas 2003, pp. 74-80.
Richards 1986, pp. 181-84.
Wormald 1999, pp. 228-36.
Form: codex
Support: Parchment with a consistent texture and hue throughout the manuscript. The hair-side of the parchment is pale yellow and slighlty darker than the off-white coloured flesh-side.
The only damage to the parchment predating or contemporary to the manuscript's production is a vertical slit in the upper margin of fol. 55. The parchment has suffered abrasion and water damage subsequent to its initial production, particularly on the outer faces of quires. The gutters of the manuscript have been water damaged throughout, although it is particualrly noticable in Quire 7.
Quire 1 (fols 1-9) and Quire 2 (fols 31-37) are both sixteenth-century additions. The parchment is a much paler hue in both of the additional quires and neither has suffered notable damage, although there are three holes on fol. 8.
Extent: ix 21 vii 32 iii
ca. 186 mm x ca. 116 mm (dimensions of 1r-61v - size of leaves)
ca. 188 mm x ca. 119 mm (dimensions of 62r-69v - size of leaves)
ca. 186 mm x ca. 116 mm (dimensions of 70r-72v - size of leaves)
ca. 137 mm x ca. 78 mm (dimensions of 10r-30v, 38r-69v - size of ruled)
Foliation and/or Pagination:
Current foliation is in pencil on the upper right corner of the recto of each folio and runs consecutively from 1 to 72.
Archbishop Parker's pagination in red crayon:
- fols 1r-4v are paginated a-h and fols 5r-9v are paginated j-s on both the recto and verso of each folio.
- fols 10r-30r are only paginated on the recto, and run consecutively from 1 to 41. The missing folio from Quire 2 (originally located between fols 20 and 21) does not disrupt the pagination, indicating that it had already been lost by the sixteenth century. Likewise, Quire 1 must have already been moved to its current position from its original location following Quire 3, as can be seen from the Blaseras item.
- fols 31 and 33-37 are unpaginated, while fol. 32r is paginated as 44.
- fols 38r-53r are paginated consecutively on the recto from 43 to 73.
- 75 is omitted although there is no corresponding loss of a folio, and fols 54r-58r are paginated consecutively on the recto from 77-85.
- 87 is omitted although there is no corresponding loss of a folio, and fol. 59r is paginated as 89.
- Number 89 is duplicated on fol. 60r, and fols 60r-70r are paginated consecutively on the recto from 89-109.
- fols 71r-72v are unpaginated.
Collation:
- fols 1-9: A10 (wants 10), s. xvi.
- fols 10-30: 16, 28 (wants 6), 38, s. xiiin
- fols 31-37: B10 (wants 8-10), s. xvi
- fols 38-69: 48, 58, 68 (3 and 6 are singletons), 78 (3 and 6 are singletons), s. xiiin
- fols 70-72: C (three additional folios), s. xvi
Condition:
The manuscript is in relatively good condition overall. The original quires have suffered some water damage and abrasion, which is particularly pronounced on the outer faces of each of the quires (fols 10r, 15v, 16r, 22v, 23r, 30v, 38r, 45v, 46r, 53v, 54r, 61v, 62r and 69v). The gutter of the manuscript is also more damaged than the main sheets. A patch of discolouration from water damage runs through the upper margin of fols 27-30 and 38-47, and another through the centre of the text-block from fols 46-49. A vertical slit extends from the upper edge of fol. 55 to the fourth line of the ruling grid; Hand 1 repsects this cut, indicating that the damage predated the writing. The edges or corners have been cut on fols 12, 19, 27, 50, 52, 57, 60, 63, 65 and 66. Seven of these ten folios are one side of the centrefold of a quire, with the exceptions of fols 52, 60 and 63.
Layout description:
The hand often appears small and cramped as, in most instances, the rubric additions are squeezed into available space on the folio. The quill is scratchy, and the graphs tend to be rounded with a short and wide proportions. Many of the rubrics are written entirely or mostly in majuscules.
The aspect of the hand is very similar to that of Hand 1, but individual graphs show strong similarities with Hand 3a. It is most probable that this hand is Hand 3 imitating the aspect of Hand 1 when re-working the introductions of items in the text-block.
Red initials, usually one line to three lines in height (with the exception of the six-line, red, initial I on fol. 23/3-8) introducing items and sub-divisions of items, as described in the individual items.
Red rubrics added by Hand 3a into available line space and margins at the beginning of items and sub-divisions of items throughout the manuscript, as described in the individual items. Although the rubrics are usually associated with points that have had miniaturing on occasion only rubrics or miniaturing are present.
Although somewhat similar under visible light, the red inks used for rubrication and miniaturing appear different under ultraviolet light.
1991 from the Cambridge workshop of Desmond Shaw, white alum-tawed pigskin on oak boards (Lucas 2003, p. 75).
Four additional folios added to the beginning of the manuscript, in association with the 1991 binding. A slip of parchment identifying it as '383' and with some of the contents of the manuscript and page numbers listed is affixed to the recto of the fourth of these folios.
Membrane added at the end of the manuscript following fol. 72 in association with the 1991 binding.
Possibly produced at St Paul's Cathedral, London or possibly moved there early in the twelfth-century. The argument for St Paul's rests solely on the addition of the [S] (supplied: ) cipmen list to the final folio as the majority of the estates mentioned in the list belonged or had previously belonged to the cathedral.
Ker (1957, pp. 110-113), and Wormald (1999, pp. 228-236), identify the hands of a number of antiquarians: Joscelyn, Nowell, and Lambarde, as well as Archbishop Parker.
Bequeathed to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge by Archbishop Parker in 1575.
Described by Thom Gobbitt, August 2010. The author thanks Takako Kato for her support and answers to all queries, and Elaine Treharne for discussion of palaeography.
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Stanford University, Parker Library on the Web (http://parkerweb.stanford.edu/parker/; accessed in 2010)
Microfiche in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2003), vol. 11: Corpus Christi College, Cambridge I
Charles-Edwards, Thomas, 'Alliances, Godfathers, Treaties and Boundaries', in Kings Currency and Alliances: History and Coinage of Southern England in the Ninth Century, ed. by Mark A. S. Blackburn and David N. Dumville (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1998), pp. 47-62
Cockayne, Oswald, Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England, Being a Collection of Documents for the Most Part Never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Science in this Country before the Norman Conquest, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores, 35, 3 vols (London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1864-66; repr. Wiesbaden: Kraus, 1965)
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Stanford University, Parker Library on the Web (http://parkerweb.stanford.edu/parker/; accessed in 2010)
Dammary, Richard, 'Editing the Anglo-Saxon Laws: Felix Liebermann and Beyond', in The Editing of Old English: Papers from the 1990 Manchester Conference, ed. by D. G. Scragg and Paul E. Szarmach (Cambridge: Brewer, 1994), pp. 251-61
Davis, R. H. C., 'Alfred and Guthrum's Frontier', English Historical Review, 97 (1982), 803-10
Dickins, Bruce, The Genealogical Preface to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Four Texts Edited to Supplement Earle-Plummer, Department of Anglo-Saxon Occasional Papers, 2 (Cambridge: Department of Anglo Saxon, University of Cambridge, 1952)
Dumville, David N., 'The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List: Manuscripts and Texts', Anglia, 104 (1986), 1-32
Fell, Christine E., 'Some Questions of Layout and Legal Manuscripts', in 'Lastworda Betst' Essays in Memory of Christine E. Fell with Her Unpublished Writing, ed. by Carole Hough and Kathryn Lowe (Donington: Tyas, 2002), pp. 229-41
Gameson, Richard, The Manuscripts of Early Norman England (c. 1066-1130) (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1999)
Gardiner, Mark, 'Implements and Utensils in Gerefa and the Organisation of Seigneurial Farmsteads in the High Middle Ages', Medieval Archaeology, 50 (2006), 260-67
Gneuss, Helmut, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100 (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001)
Gobbitt, Thomas, 'Audience and Amendment of Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 383 in the First Half of the Twelfth Century', Skepsi, 2.1 (2009), 6-22; http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/journals/skepsi/issues/issue%202/index.html
---, 'I AEthelred in Felix Liebermann's Die Gesetze Der Angelsachsen and in the Mise en page of Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 383', (forthcoming)
Harvey, P. D. A., 'Rectitudines Singularum Personarum and Gerafa', English Historical Review, 426 (1993), 1-22
James, Montague Rhodes, Matthew Parker, and A. Rogers, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912)
Kelly, Susan E., ed., Charters of St. Paul's, London (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)
Kennedy, A. G., 'Cnut's Law Codes of 1018', Anglo-Saxon England, 11 (1983), 57-81
Ker, N. R., Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957; repr. 1990), item 65
Kershaw, Paul, 'The Alfred Guthrum Treaty: Scripting Accommodation and Interaction in Viking Age England', in Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, ed. by Dawn M. Hadley and Julian D. Richards (Turnhout: Brepols, 2000), pp. 43-72
Lawson, M. K., 'Archbishop Wulfstan and the Homiletic Element in the Laws of AEthelred II and Cnut', English Historical Review, 107 (1992), 565-86
Liebermann, F., ed., Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen , 3 vols (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1903), 1: Text und Übersetzung
---, 'Gerefa', Anglia, 9 (1886), 251-66
---, 'Matrosenstellung aus Landgütern der Kirche London, um 1000', Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen, 104 (1900), 17-24
---, ed., Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, 3 vols (Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1903 )
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Sawyer, P. H., ed., Textus Roffensis. Rochester Cathedral Library Manuscript A. 3.5, Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile (Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1957)
Scragg, Donald, Alexander Rumble, and Kathryn Powell, C11 Database Project (Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies, http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/mancass/c11database/; accessed in 2009)
Sisam, Kenneth, 'The Authenticity of Certain Texts in Lambard's Archaionomia 1568', in Studies in the History of Old English Literature (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953), pp. 232-58
Stafford, Pauline, 'The Laws of Cnut and the History of Anglo-Saxon Royal Promises', Anglo-Saxon England, 10 (1982), 173-90
Storms, G., Anglo-Saxon Magic (The Hague: Nijhoff 1948)
Thorpe, B., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Rolls Series, 23 (1861)
Treharne, Elaine M., 'The Production and Script of Manuscripts containing English Religious Texts in the First Half of the Twelfth Century', in Rewriting Old English in the Twelfth Century, ed. by Mary Swan and Elaine M. Treharne (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 11-39
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---, 'Wulfstan and the Laws of Cnut', English Historical Review, 63 (1958), 433-52
---, and George W. Greenaway, eds, English Historical Documents 1042-1189 (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961)
Wormald, Patrick, 'Æthelred the Lawmaker', in Ethelred the Unready: Papers from the Millenary Conference, ed. by David Hill (1978), pp. 47-80
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---, The Making of English Law: From King Ælfred to the Twelfth Century (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999)