The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220

Takako Kato

London, British Library, Harley 863

Continuous gloss to the Quicumque vult written in the Leofric Psalter

Date: s. xi3/4

Summary:

The Leofric Psalter. On fol. 107 is the Quicumque vult, which has a continuous Old English gloss beginning 'sƿa hƿa sƿa wile hal ƿesan toforan eallum | þearf ys þæt healde þone fulfremedan geleafan' (Holthausen 1942-43).

Manuscript Items:

1. Item: fols 1*r-v

   Text Language: Latin

   Note: Jottings, in various late hands, include 'deus deus meus', 'O maria maris stella', and below that 'O maria maris stella'; Latin verse, a note on feria vi, saints' names, etc.

2. Item: fols 1r-6v

   Text Language: Latin

   Note: Calendar (12c) with late obits added in margins.

3. Item: fol. 7r

   Title: Verses on the Calendar

   Incipit (Latin): 'Aureus hac arte nonus formatur aperte....Linea sola tenet nemo sic esse refutet'

   Text Language: Latin

4. Item: fol. 7v

   Rubric (initial): In festo Reliquiaruum Exoniensis ecclesie ad processionem

   Incipit (Latin): '[S]alue festa dies toto uenerabilis euo | Qua datur in sanctis gloria digna deo'

   Text Language: Latin

   Bibliography:

   Bishop 1918, p. 407

5. Item: fols 8r-98v/22

   Title: Gallican version of the psalms

   Text Language: Latin

6. Item: fols 98v/23-99r/2

   Title: Explicit to the psalms and incipit to Psalm 151

   Rubric (initial): Explicit liber psalmorum habens uersus vˉcli | Hic psalmus proprię script[um] a dauid et extra numerum | cum pugnaui cum golia. Hic in ebreis codicibus non habetur. | Sed nec a lxx. interpretibus editus est et idcirco repundiandus.

   Text Language: Latin

7. Item: fol. 99r/3-15

   Title: Psalm 151

   Incipit (Latin): 'Pusillus eram inter fratres meos'.

   Text Language: Latin

8. Item: fol. 99r/16-99v/4

   Rubric (initial): Canticum isaie prophete

   Incipit (Latin): 'Confitebor tibi domine'

   Text Language: Latin

9. Item: fols 99v/4-110r/8

   Rubric (initial): Canticum ezechię regis iudę.

   Incipit (Latin): 'Ego dixi in dimidio dierum meorum'

   Text Language: Latin

10. Item: fol. 100r/9-100v/7

    Rubric (initial): Canticum annę.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Exultauit cor meum in domino'

    Text Language: Latin

11. Item: fols 100v/8-101r/25

    Rubric (initial): Canticum moysi.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Cantemus domino gloriosę enim honorifi | magnificatus'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: honorifi on erasure by another hand and underlined to signal deletion, magnifi- added; thus honorificatus › magnificatus.

12. Item: fols 101v/1-102r/20

    Rubric (initial): Canticum abbacuc prophetae.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Domine audiui auditionem tuam'

    Text Language: Latin

13. Item: fols 102r/20-104r/20

    Rubric (initial): Canticum moysi in deutro | nomio ad filios israhel

    Incipit (Latin): 'Audite caeli quae loquor'

    Text Language: Latin

14. Item: fols 104r/21-105r/1

    Rubric (initial): Ymnus sancti uicetii aepiscopi

    Incipit (Latin): 'Te deum laudamus'

    Text Language: Latin

15. Item: fol. 105r/2-105v/5

    Rubric (initial): Ymnus Trium puerorum.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Benedicite omnia opera domini domino'

    Text Language: Latin

16. Item: fol. 105v/6-24

    Rubric (initial): Canticum zacharię prophetę

    Incipit (Latin): 'Benedictus dominus deus israhel'

    Text Language: Latin

17. Item: fol. 106r/1-14

    Rubric (initial): Canticum Sanctę marię matris domini

    Incipit (Latin): 'Magnificat anima mea dominum'

    Text Language: Latin

18. Item: fol. 106r/14-20

    Rubric (initial): Canticum Sancti Simeonis

    Incipit (Latin): 'Nunc dimittis seruum tuum domine'

    Text Language: Latin

19. Item: fol. 106r/21-106v/3

    Rubric (initial): Incipit oratio dominica Secundum matheum.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Pater noster qui es in cęlis sanctficetur no | men tuum'

    Text Language: Latin

20. Item: fol. 106v/1-16

    Rubric (initial): Incipit simbolum apostolorum.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Credo in deum patrem omnipotentem | creatorem cęli & terrę'

    Text Language: Latin

21. Item: fols 106v/17-107r/5

    Rubric (initial): Ymnus angelicus

    Incipit (Latin): 'Gloria in excelsis seo'

    Text Language: Latin

22. Item: fols 107r-v

    Title (C.11.8): Gloss to Canticles of the PsalterContinuous gloss to part of the Quicumque

    Incipit: (fol. 107r) sƿa hwa sƿa ƿile hal ƿesantoforan eallum | þearf ys þæt healde þone fulfremedan geleafab

    Explicit: (fol. 107v) god is of spede fæder ær ƿorulde akenned | man ys of edwiste moder on ƿorld

    Text Language: English

23. Item: fols 107r/5-108r/19

    Rubric (initial): Incipit fides | catholica athanasii alexandriei episcopi

    Incipit: 'Quicumqueuult saluus esse ante omnia | opus est ut teneat catholicam fidem'[gloss:] 'swa hwa swa wile hal wesan toforan eallum | þearf ys þæt healde þone fulfremedan geleafan'

    Explicit (Latin): Finit.

    Text Language: Latin with English Gloss

    Note: The OE gloss stops after v. 31 (end of fol. 107v). The explicit occurs on the same line as the incipit to the next item.

24. Item: fols 108r/20-108v/9

    Rubric (initial): oratio post psalterium.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Liberator animarvm | mundi redemptor iesu christe deus'

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Dewick 1914, p. 434

25. Item: fols 108v/9-111v/20

    Title: Litany, with closing petitions

    Rubric (initial): Incipit Letaniae

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Lapidge 1991, pp. 193-202

    Dewick 1914, pp. 435-43

26. Item: fols 111v/20-112r/4

    Rubric (initial): preces

    Incipit (Latin): 'Pater noster. Et ne nos'

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Dewick 1914, pp. 443-45

27. Item: fol. 112r/4-8

    Rubric (initial): Item

    Incipit (Latin): 'Et ueniat super nos'

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Dewick 1914, p. 443-45

28. Item: fol. 112r/8-112v/8

    Rubric (initial): Item preces

    Incipit (Latin): 'Ego dixi domine miserere mei'

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Dewick 1914, pp. 444-45

29. Item: fol. 112v/8-19

    Rubric (initial): Oratio propria alicuius

    Incipit (Latin): 'Omnipotens et misericors deus'

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Dewick 1914, pp. 445-54

30. Item: fol. 112v/19-23

    Rubric (initial): Alia

    Incipit (Latin): 'Deus cui proprium est parcere saluare & non perdere'

    Text Language: Latin

    Bibliography:

    Dewick 1914, pp. 445-54

31. Item: fols 112v/23-113r/3

    Rubric (initial): pro compunctione | lacrimarum

    Incipit (Latin): 'Omnipotens mitissime deus'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: 'mitissime' on erasure

32. Item: fol. 113r/4-9

    Rubric (initial): pro temptatione diabolica

    Incipit (Latin): 'Parce domine parce | peccatis meis'

    Text Language: Latin

33. Item: fol. 113r/9-17

    Rubric (initial): pro fratribus | et sororibuset familia | ribus

    Incipit (Latin): 'Omnipotens sempiternę deus. qui es | misericordia inestimabilis'

    Text Language: Latin

34. Item: fol. 113r/9-17

    Rubric (initial): alia

    Incipit (Latin): 'Deus qui caritatis dona per gratiam'

    Text Language: Latin

35. Item: fol. 113r/23-113v/5

    Rubric (initial): pro salute uiuorum

    Incipit (Latin): 'Pretende domine fidelibus'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: Heading obscured by sewing

36. Item: fol. 113v/5-9

    Rubric (initial): pro inimicis.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Deus pacis caritatisque'

    Text Language: Latin

37. Item: fol. 113v/9-11

    Rubric (initial): Oratio | contra hostes christiani nomi | nis.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Hostium nostrorum domine'

    Text Language: Latin

38. Item: fol. 113v/12-15

    Incipit (Latin): 'Omnipotens deus christiani nominis inimicos'

    Text Language: Latin

39. Item: fol. 113v/15-20

    Rubric (initial): pro pace

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Deus regnorum omnium regumque'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: Heading partly illegible

40. Item: fol. 113v/20-25

    Rubric (initial): pro iter agentibus

    Incipit (Latin): 'Deus qui diligentibus te misericordiam tuam'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: Heading partly illegible

41. Item: fol. 114r/1-6

    Rubric (initial): pro nauigantibus.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Deus qui transtulisti patres | nostros'

    Text Language: Latin

42. Item: fol. 114r/6-end of leaf

    Rubric (initial): Oratio | uniuersalis.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Pie et exaudibilis domine deus noster'

    Text Language: Latin

43. Item: fol. 114v/1-8

    Rubric (initial): pro omnibus fidelibus defunctis

    Incipit (Latin): 'Deus cui proprium est'

    Text Language: Latin

44. Item: fol. 114v/8-17

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad personam patris.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Domine deus pater omnipotens. qui consubstantia | lem'

    Text Language: Latin

45. Item: fol. 114v/17-end of leaf

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad personam filii

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Domine iesu christe fili dei uiui'

    Text Language: Latin

46. Item: fol. 115r/1-10

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad personam et spiritus sancti.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Domine sancte spiritus. deus omnipotens qui coequalis et co | ęternus'

    Text Language: Latin

47. Item: fol. 155r/10-21

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad sanctam et indiuiduam trinitatem.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Domine deus omnipotens eternę et ineffabilis sine fine'

    Text Language: Latin

48. Item: fols 115r/21-115v/13

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad sanctam crucem.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Per gloriam et uirtutem sanctę crucis'

    Text Language: Latin

49. Item: fol. 115v/13-end of leaf

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad sanctam mariam

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Singularis meriti solo sine exemplo mater | uirgo sancta maria'

    Text Language: Latin

50. Item: fol. 116r/1-8

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad ordines angelorum.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Precor uos sancti angeli et archangeli'

    Text Language: Latin

51. Item: fol. 116r/8-16

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad apostolos.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Sanctissimi apostoli domini mei'

    Text Language: Latin

52. Item: fol. 116r/17-end of leaf

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad sanctos innocentes.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Sancti innocentes immo uirgines'

    Text Language: Latin

53. Item: fol. 116v/1-9

    Rubric (initial): Oratio | ad martyres

    Incipit (Latin): 'Sancti martyres gloriosi qui fortes | extitistis'

    Text Language: Latin

54. Item: fol. 116v/9-14

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad confessores.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Sanctissimi confessores qui in pace'

    Text Language: Latin

55. Item: fol. 116v/14-end of leaf

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad uirgines.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Sanctę uirgines gloriosę quibus data est'

    Text Language: Latin

56. Item: fol. 117r/1-8

    Rubric (initial): Oratio ad omnes sanctos.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Rogo uos omnes sancti patriarchę et prophetę'

    Text Language: Latin

57. Item: fol. 117r/8-14

    Rubric (initial): Item alia.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'omine deus omnipotens per intercessiones omnium | sanctorum tuorum'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed incipits to antiphons, etc., all in a smaller hand (ll. 15-18)

58. Item: fol. 117r/19-21

    Rubric (initial): capitu la

    Incipit (Latin): 'Gaudete perfecti... uobiscum'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by incipits to hymns with neumed responses (ll. 21-22)

    Bibliography:

    See Dewick 1914, p. 454

59. Item: fol. 117r/23-25

    Rubric (initial): Collecta.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Exaudi quesumus domine gemitu populi'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (l. 25-fol. 117v/1)

60. Item: fol. 117v/2-10

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .i.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Primum quidem gratias ago deo'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 10-13)

61. Item: fol. 117v/13-21

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .ii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Nolo autem uos ignorare fratres'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 21-24)

62. Item: fols 117v/25-118r/6

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .iii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Reuelatur enim ira dei de cęlo super omnem'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 6-10)

63. Item: fol. 118r/10-19

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .iiii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Quia cum cognouiss& deum. non sicut deum glorifica | uerunt'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 19-21)

64. Item: fol. 118r/22-118v/5

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .v.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Qui commutauerunt ueritatem dei in mendacium'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 5-7).

65. Item: fol. 118v/7-15

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .vi.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Et sicut non probauerunt deum habere in notitia'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 15-18)

66. Item: fol. 118v/18-24

    Rubric (initial): Lectio secundum euangelium sancti iohannis.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'In illo tempore'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 24-fol. 119r/1).

67. Item: fol. 119r/2-9

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .viii.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Nunc autem quia bona est'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed byneumed response (ll. 10-12)

68. Item: fol. 119r/12-17

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .viiii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Porro taciani & martiani'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 17-21)

69. Item: fol. 119r/21-119v/4

    Rubric (initial): In laudibus

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Mirabilis in excelsis'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: In the same hand as that of response; neumed.

70. Item: fol. 119v/4-6

    Rubric (initial): Capitula

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Caritas dei & dilectio maneat nobiscum'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 6-7)

71. Item: fol. 119v/7-10

    Rubric (initial): Oratio

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Conserua quesumus domine populum tuum'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 10-14)

72. Item: fol. 119v/15-16

    Rubric (initial): capitula

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Benedictus deus & pater omnipotens nos famulos tuę'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 21-22)

73. Item: fols 119v/22-120r/2

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .ii.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Scimus quoniam iudicium dei est secundum ueritatem in eos'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (fol. 120r/2-5)

74. Item: fol. 120r/5-14

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .ii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Secundum duritiam autem tuam'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 14-16).

75. Item: fol. 120r/17-120v/23

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .iii.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Gloria & honor & pax omni operanti bonum'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by response (fols 120r/23-120v/3)

76. Item: fol. 120v/3-6

    Rubric (initial): capitula.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Nox precessit. dies autem appropinquabit'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 6-8)

77. Item: fol. 120v/8-12

    Rubric (initial): collecta.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Matutina supplicum uota quesumus domine propitius'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 12-15).

78. Item: fol. 120v/15-17

    Rubric (initial): capitula

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Dominus autem dirigat corda nostra'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 17-18)

79. Item: fol. 120v/18-22

    Rubric (initial): collecta.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Exaudi domine famulos tuos'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 22-23)

80. Item: fol. 120v/23-25

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .i.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Si autem tu iudeus cognominaris & requiescis in lege'

    '& nosti uoluntatem eius & probas'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: Ends imperfectly, followed by a loss of the central bifolium in the gathering.

81. Item: fol. 121r/1

    Incipit (Latin): '...ad effundendum sanguinem'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: Begins imperfectly, after a loss of two leaves after fol. 120. Followed by a neumed response (ll. 1-16)

82. Item: fol. 121r/16-21

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .i.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Quod deus incommutablis summus & ęternus | existat'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by response (ll. 21-25)

83. Item: fol. 121r/25-121v/6

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .ii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Ac pro hoc quia in deo mutabilitas'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 6-9)

84. Item: fol. 121v/9-15

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .iii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'Nam de incommutabili deo scriptum est'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (fols 121v/16- 122r/6)

85. Item: fol. 122r/7-14

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .i.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Dum ad hanc mutabilitatem toto affectu'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 14-18)

86. Item: fol. 122r/19-23

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .ii.

    Incipit (Latin): 'Sicut per beatum iob dicitur'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (fols 122r/23- 122v/1).

87. Item: fol. 122v/1-5

    Rubric (initial): Lectio .iii.

    Incipit (Latin): | 'In hoc namque quod de diuinę nature potentia | audiuimus'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: follwed by neumed response (ll. 6022)

88. Item: fols 122v/23-123r/7

    Incipit (Latin): 'Parce michi domine'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (ll. 7-12)

89. Item: fol. 123r/13-23

    Incipit (Latin): 'Tedet animam meam uitę meę'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by neumed response (fols 123r/24- 123v/6)

90. Item: fol. 123v/7-13

    Incipit (Latin): 'Manus tue domine fecerunt me & plasmauerunt me'

    Text Language: Latin

    Note: followed by response (ll. 14-25), ending incompletely.

Physical Description:

Object Description:

Form: Codex

Support: Parchment

Extent:

288 mm x 192 mm (dimensions of all - size of leaves)

234 mm x 128 mm (dimensions of all - size of written)

Foliation and/or Pagination: [i] + 125 + [ii] leaves, foliated 1*, 1-27, 27*-123.

Collation:

• 18 (fols i, 1-7);
• 28 (fols 8-15);
• 38 (fols 16-23);
• 48 (fols 24-30; 26 and 28 are singletons, stubs of these leaves are visible. Fol. 27* after fol. 27. Fol. 30 has repair by stitching);
• 58 (fols 31-38);
• 68 (fols 39-46);
• 78 (fols 47-53; the third leaf of the fol. is missing, and a stub is visible between fols 48 and 48. Fol. 51 is a half-sheet);
• 88 (fols 54-61);
• 98 (fols 62-69);
• 108 (fols 70-77);
• 118 (fols 78-85; fols 80 and 83 are two singletons);
• 128 (fols 86-93; fols 88 and 91 are two singletons);
• 138 (fols 94-101; fols 96 and 99 are two singletons);
• 148 (fols 102-09);
• 158 (fols 110-17);
• 168 (fols 118-23; the fourth and the fifth leaves are missing after fol. 120).

Condition:

As Pulsiano notes, 'leaves show signs of wear and are generally darkened throughout, with the gutters noticeably darkened. The last leaf is dirty and worn, suggesting that the book was without a cover for a while' (1996, p. 37). Some leaves are repaired by stitching; there are also some modern repairs.

Note:

Leaves are arranged HFHF. Part of the text (8 lines) is erased at fol. 38v.

Layout description:

• Layout:
Ruled for 25 lines, single column, double bounding lines. Prickings in the outer margins. The coloured initial capital letters are place in the left double bounding lines, which is about 1 cm wide. See diagram.

Hand description:

Number of hands: 1 in Old English

Summary: One hand in Old English in a script contemporary with the script of the psalter, canticles and litany (Ker 1957, p. 307).

Hand: Glosses
• Scope: Minor
• Script: English Vernacular Minuscle
• Description: Fol. 107r-v.
• Summary of the characteristics of the hand: Exeter type script, in very thin pen.
• e is high in the combination æ.
• g is insular with its loop either open or closed.
• h is insular with distinct serifs at both feet.
• The descender of long s extends below the writing line and tapers to the left.
• ð has a tall ascender, with a serif to the left at the top, and a cross-bar has an upwards serif at the right end.
• y is dotted, and both limbs slightly curves over to the left at the top.
• descenders often finish tapered and bending to the left.
• ascenders are tall and split at the end.

Decoration Description:

• Fols 1r-6v Red, green, blue and brown ink is used for the calendar.
• Initials and some rubrics of the psalter are alternately green, red, metallic red and blue. Some initials are very elaborate: for example, the display line to Psalm 1 is written in red and black ink; at the beginning of Psalm 51 is an incomplete drawing in lead of an oval containing a floral design.
• The text is divided by drawings of figures.

Additions:

• fol. 20r A small face in red ink.
• fol. 54r A drawing in red of a figure with a crowned human head and a serpentine body.

History:

Origin:

Written in Exeter.

Provenance:

According to Lapidge, the manuscript is 'very possibly one of the two such psalters given to the Exeter chapter by Bishop Leofric in 1072' (1991, p. 74).

Acquisition:

Originally owned by Edward Stillingfleet (1635-99). His collection was bought by Robert Harley in 1707 (Wright 1972, pp. xxxiv, 316), then by the British Museum in 1753.

Additional Information:

Administration Information:

Described by Takako Kato with the assistance of Hollie Morgan and Sanne van der Schee (2012).

Surrogates:

EM Project facsimile

Microfiche in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1996), vol. 4, Glossed Texts, Aldhelmiana, Psalms

Bibliography:

Bishop, Edmund, Liturgia Historica: Papers on the Liturgy and Religious Life of the Western Church (Oxford: Clarendon, 1918)

British Library, A Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum. With indexes of persons, places, and matters ... Printed by command of His Majesty King George III, in pursuance of an address of the House of commons of Great Britain (London: Eyre and Strahan, 1808-12)

Drage, E., 'Bishop Leofric and the Exeter Cathedral Chapter, 1050-1072: A Reassessment of the Manuscript Evidence' (unpublished DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford, 1978)

Dewick, E. S., ed., The Leofric Collectar with an Appendix Containing a Litany and Prayers from harl. MS. 863., Henry Bradshaw Society (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 1914), vol. 1

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