The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220

Takako Kato

London, British Library, Arundel 60

Continuous gloss, etc., to Arundel Psalter

Date: s. xi2; 1099; s. xii

Summary:

The manuscript contains:

• Prefatory matter: tables and calendar etc. (fols 1r-12v)
• Gallican version of the psalms (fols 13r-119r/17)
• Latin paraphrase of psalm 50 (fols 46v-52r)
• Canticles (fols 119/18-30r/18)
• Litany (fols 130r/19-132v)
• Litany and Latin prayers (fols 133-42. These two quires were added in s. xii2. This litany is a continuation of the previous item, which lost its end and finishes incomplete at fol. 132v)

Items in Old English are listed below, under Manuscript Items.

Manuscript Items:

1. Item: fols 13r-46r, 52v-119r

   Title (C.7.5): Gloss to Psalms

   Text Language: English

   Note: Gallican version of the psalms. Latin paraphrase of Ps. 50 (fols 46v-52r) is unglossed.

   Bibliography:

   Ker 1957, item 131

   Pulsiano 1994, item 174, p. 15

2. Item: fols 119r-30r

   Title (C.7.5): Gloss to Canticles

   Addition: ic andette þe drihten (the first gloss)

   Addition: swa hwa swa wille (the last gloss)

   Text Language: English

   Bibliography:

   Ker 1957, item 131

   Pulsiano 1994, item 174, pp. 15-16

3. Item: fol. 149r

   Title (B.24.25.3.1): The Six Ages of the World

   Incipit: Her onginneð kyþan ymbe þises middangeardes | ylda

   Text Language: Both in Latin and Old English versions.

   Note: The period from the nativity 'oð nu to middan wintre kimð' is stated to be 1099 years (Ker 1957, p. 166).

   Date: s. xi2

   Bibliography:

   Förster 1925, p. 192

   Ker 1957, item 131

   Pulsiano 1994, item 174, p. 17

4. Item: fol. 149v

   Title (B.18.11): Lists of Kings, Saints, and Bishops; Bishops of Winchester

   Note: to Walkelin (1070-98).

   Bibliography:

   Ker 1957, item 131

   Pulsiano 1994, item 174, p. 18

Physical Description:

Object Description:

Form: Codex

Support: Parchment. The flyleaves are modern paper.

Extent: See Pulsiano 1994, p. 13.

ca. 302 mm x 200 mm (dimensions of most - size of leaves)

250 mm x 155 mm (dimensions of Psalms and litany - size of written space)

230 mm x 120 mm (dimensions of prayers - size of written space)

Foliation and/or Pagination: Fols [i], 149, [i].

Collation:

Quires: See Pulsiano 1994, p. 14. Fols [i] + 149 + [i].

• 112 (fols 1-12),
• 28 (fols 13-20),
• 38 (fols 21-28),
• 46+2 (fols 29- 46: stub of fol. 30 shows after fol. 34; that of fol. 34 shows after fol. 31),
• 58+2 (fols 37- 46; stub of fol. 39 shows after fol. 43; that of fol. 44 shows after fol. 39),
• 66 (fols 47-52),
• 76+2 (fols 53- 60: stub of fol. 55 shows after fol. 58; that of fol. 58 shows after fol. 55),
• 86+2 (fols 61-68: stub of fol. 63 shows after fol. 65; that of fol. 66 shows after fol. 62),
• 96+2 (fols 69-76: stub of fol. 71 shows after fol. 73; that of fol. 74 shows after fol. 70),
• 106+2 (fols 77-84: stub of fol. 79 shows after fol. 81; that of fol. 82 shows after fol. 78),
• 116+2 (fols 85- 92: stub of fol. 87 shows after fol. 90; that of fol. 90 shows after fol. 87),
• 126+2 (fols 93-100: stub of fol. 95 shows after fol. 97; that of fol. 98 shows after fol. 94),
• 136+2 (fols 101-08: stub of fol. 103 shows after fol. 105; that of fol. 106 shows after fol. 102),
• 146+2 (fols 109-16: stub of fol. 111 shows after fol. 113; that of fol. 114 shows after fol. 110),
• 158 (fols 117-24),
• 168 (fols 125-32),
• 174 (fols 133-36),
• 186 (fols 137-42),
• 194+3 (fols 143-49: stub of fol.144 shows after fol. 146; that of fol. 147 shows after fol. 143; that of fol. 149 before fol. 143).

Layout description:

24 long lines (22-23 lines on fols 137-49). The lines are not spaced for an interlinear gloss (Ker 1957, p. 167).

Hand description:

Number of hands: 3 in Old English from 1060 to 1220

Hand: Old English gloss
• Scope: Minor
• Script: English Vernacular Minuscule
• Ker reference: Ker 134 SC1
• Description: Fols 13r-46r and 52v-130r/18, except for the gloss to the opening words to Psalms, are by the second hand. Probably the same hand as 'the second of the two hands which wrote the texts of the psalms and canticles' (fols 29r-46v and 53r-130r). In smaller writing.
• Summary of the characteristics of the hand: Ker 1957 describes this hand as 'large, round and clumsy' (p. 167). In brown or brownish ink.
• a is insular in Old English. According to the C11 Database Project , the form of a 'varies widely, from almost triangular to caroline'.
• The e is high in the combination æ.
• d is insular in Old English, and its ascender extends further than the left end of the lobe.
• e is insular with a tongue and a horn.
• f is insular in Old English.
• g is insular in Old English; its loop is closed.
• h is in caroline form.
• r is insular is Old English.
• s is insular in Old English. Long and low s are used indifferently.
• The crossbar of ð is a straight line, which transects the bar.
• ascenders are not very tall, and straight.
• descenders are straight, or taper slightly to the left.
• Date: s. xi2

Hand: Gloss to the opening words to Psalms 1, 51, 101.
• Scope: Minor
• Script: English Vernacular Minuscule
• Description: fols 13r, 53r, 85r. Glosses to the opening words of Psalms 1, 51 and 101 are in a later hand than the gloss of the rest of the manuscript. Its aspect is less round than that of the main glossator.
• a and e are in the same height in the combination æ.
• d is insular, and its ascender is at 40º and short.
• g is insular, and its loop closes with a hairline.
• h is insular.
• The scribe uses a capital N at the end of a word.
• The ascender of ð curves backwards to the right; and the right end of its crossbar has a downwards serif.
• Date: s. xii

Hand: Addition of 'the six ages of the world' to the last leaf of the volume
• Scope: Minor
• Script: English Vernacular Minuscule
• Description: fol. 149r. The same hand also wrote the Latin version of the six ages of the world and a list of bishops of Winchester to Walkelin (1070-98), fols 149r-v. As Ker (1957) says, they were probably written during the vacancy of the see in 1099. William of Giffard succeeded to the see in 1100.
• Summary of the characteristics of the hand: Angular script. The nib widths are unsteady, and strokes are sometimes not straight.
• Sometimes insular triangular a, sometimes caroline a with small head
• d is insular in Old English, with the top of its ascender curved backwards to the right; occasionally insular in Latin.
• f insular in both Latin and Old English.
• g insular in both Latin and Old English. Its head is wavy, and its loop is open.
• h sometimes insular in Old English.
• i sometimes has a tick.
• r insular in Old English.
• s insular in Old English; occasionally insular in Latin.
• Both straight and rounded y are used. Sometimes dotted.
• ascenders, which are approximately minim height, sometimes split at the top.
• descenders often turn to the left.
• Abbreviations:
• macrons are wavy.
• Date: Probably in 1099
• Place: Probably at Winchester

Decoration Description:

Red or blue initials begin each psalm.

Large decorated initials on fols 13r, 53r and 85r, and a full-page illustration of Christ on the Cross, with Mary to the left and John to the right, and Sol and Luna represented in medallions at the top on fol. 52v (Pulsiano 1994, pp. 13-15).

Additions:

Fols 8v, 9, 10v, 11 contain around 87 Latin lemmata and English glosses of s. xiii/xiv in pencil. The lemmata on fols 19v, 11 are arranged alphabetically from A-V.

Binding Description:

Ker 1957 notes a binding of s. xviii (p. 167) Pulsiano 1994: reports that it is rebound in modern oak boards (p. 13).

History:

Origin:

Probably written in Winchester New Minster, the second half of the 11th century. According to Ker 1957, 'the calendar is contemporary with the psalter, and seems to be of New Minster use' (p. 167). Watson 1979 suggests that it was of Hyde Abbey.

Provenance:

Given to the Royal Society in 1667 by Henry Howard, afterwards 6th Duke of Norfolk.

Acquisition:

Acquired by the British Museum in 1831 with other Arundel manuscripts.

Additional Information:

Administration Information:

Manuscript described by Takako Kato with the assistance of Hollie Morgan and Owen Roberson, with reference to published scholarship (2010; 2013).

Surrogates:

Herbert, J. A., and J. P. Gilson, eds, Schools of Illumination, Reproductions from Manuscripts in the British Museum, Part I (1914), plate 16 (fol. 13)

Pulsiano, Phillip, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile (Binghamton, NY: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1994), vol. 2

Saunders, O. Elfrida, English Illumination, 2 vols (Paris: Pegasus, 1928), plate 25 (fol. 85)

Watson, Andrew George, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts, c.700-1600 in the Department of Manuscripts, the British Library, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1979), plate 55 (fol. 149)

Bibliography:

British Library, Manuscripts Catalogue (British Library, http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/manuscripts/; accessed in 2010)

Förster, Max, 'Die Weltzeitalter bei den Angelsachen', in Neusprachliche Studien: Festgabe Karl Luick zu seinem 60. Geburtstage, ed. by Friedrich Wild (Marburg: Elwert, 1925), pp. 198-99

Gneuss, Helmut, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100 (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001), item 304

Herbert, J. A., and J. P. Gilson, eds, Schools of Illumination, Reproductions from Manuscripts in the British Museum, Part I (1914)

Ker, N. R., Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957; repr. 1990), item 134

Lapidge, Michael, Anglo-Saxon Litanies of the Saints, Henry Bradshaw Society (London: Boydell, 1991)

Logeman, H., 'Anglo-Saxonica Minora', Anglia, 11 (1889), 97-120

Mearns, James, The Canticles of the Christian Church, Eastern and Western, in Early and Medieval Times Book Description (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914)

Oess, Guido, ed., Die altenglische Arundel-Psalter: Eine Interlinearversion in der Handschrift Arundel 60 des Britischen Museums, Anglistiche Forschungen, 30 (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1910; repr. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger N. V., 1968)

---, Untersuchungen zum altenglischen Arundel- Psalter (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1908)

Pulsiano, Phillip, '174. London, British Library, Arundel 60: Arundel Psalter', in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile (Binghamton, NY: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1994), vol. 2: Psalters I, pp. 13-18

Saunders, O. Elfrida, English Illumination, 2 vols (Paris: Pegasus, 1928)

Scragg, Donald, Alexander Rumble, and Kathryn Powell, C11 Database Project (Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies, http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/mancass/c11database/; accessed in 2009)

Wanley, Humfrey, Antique literature septentrionalis liber alter (Oxford: Sheldonian Theatre, 1705)

Watson, Andrew George, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts, c.700-1600 in the Department of Manuscripts, the British Library, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1979)

Wormald, Francis, English Drawings of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (London: Faber and Faber, 1952)

---, English Kalendars before A. D. 1100, Henry Bradshaw Society, 72 (Henry Bradshaw Society, 1934)

---, 'The English Saints in the Litany in Arundel MS. 60', Analecta Bollandiana, 64 (1946), 72-86