A2 3.4 Unit 4: 3.4.4 New genes for old

Recombinant DNA
Candidates should consider whether or not selective breeding is ethically different from the use of modern gene technologies.

Genetically modified organisms
Selective breeding programmes have been used to create new strains and species of crop plants. The use of gene technology in producing GM organisms. Herbicide-resistant crop plants and cattle with high milk yields.

Candidates should consider the ethical and moral issues relating to the production of GM organisms

• ownership of genes
• ownership of the modified organisms
• financial benefits
• sanctity of the species

GM organisms
Environmental Impact Assessment. The impact on communities and ecosystems of the large-scale introduction of genetically modified organisms, as exemplified by soya and maize When provided with appropriate information, candidates should be able to evaluate evidence and make balanced judgements between the need to meet the demands for certain crops and the need to conserve the environment.