Medical diagnosis
The use of labelled DNA probes and DNA hybridisation to locate specific genes. Once located, the base sequence of a gene can be determined by
restriction mapping
DNA sequencing
Many human diseases result from mutated genes or from genes that are useful in one context but not in another, e.g. sickle cell anaemia.
DNA sequencing and the PCR are used to produce DNA probes that can be used to screen patients for clinically important genes.
The use of this information in genetic counselling, e.g., for parents who are both carriers of defective genes and, in the case of oncogenes, in deciding the best course of treatment for cancers.
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