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Bioethical content within Edexcel GCSE Science & Biology specifications:
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Edexcel Unit B1 Science (2101)

Animal Research

Unit B1 b - Topic 3: Electrical and Chemical Signals
The development of scientific explanation of diabetes through experiments on animals can be demonstrated and its ethical implications discussed.

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Cloning

Unit B1 a - Topic 2: Genes

Scientists are able to extract and modify genes in order to change the properties of crops and animals used as food. Scientists are also able to clone organisms and some scientists hope to produce cloned body parts for transplantation surgery. Studying this topic gives students opportunities to interpret data produced through breeding experiments. Students can use various kinds of resources to consider the benefits, drawbacks and risks of scientific decisions are made and how ethical concerns of society can be considered, for example in relation to cloning.

Guidance for students: Have you ever wondered?
Are clones really like they are in the movies?

Learning objectives:

  • Genetic modifications are used for a range of purposes.
  • There are many ethical considerations associated with the advances in genetic modification.

Glossary: Clone, forensic, transgenic.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe the social and ethical concerns of cloning mammals, including the possibility of cloning of human body parts for transplant surgery

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Designer Babies

Unit B1a Topic 2 - Genes

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • (Consider the contemporary theory of 'designer babies' and explain why today's scientists are finding so much opposition to this being publicly accepted.)

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DNA Fingerprinting

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Glossary: Clone, forensic, transgenic.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe some of the implications of the outcome of the Human Genome Project to include the use of DNA evidence in forensic science and medicine

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Drug Trials

Unit B1b: Topic 4 - Use, Misuse and Abuse

They can also collect and interpret data from secondary sources and discuss the social, economic and ethical implications of drug misuse and abuse.

Guidance for students: Why it is so expensive to produce a new drug?; Why some drugs are considered good for your body and others bad?; How do different drugs affect people differently?

Learning objectives:

  • There are socio-economic reasons that contribute to ill health and ethical considerations for the development of treatments.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Use secondary data to explore the costs of developing new drugs.

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Gene Therapy

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Guidance for students: How can genetics be used to cure diseases?

Learning objectives:

  • Genetic modifications are used for a range of purposes.
  • There are many ethical considerations associated with the advances in genetic modification.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe some of the implications of the outcome of the Human Genome Project to include the use of DNA evidence in forensic science and medicine.
  • (Consider the contemporary theory of 'designer babies' and explain why today's scientists are finding so much opposition to this being publicly accepted.)

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Genetic Engineering

Unit B1a: Topic 1 - Environment

As usual, new food production techniques raise new ethical, social and environmental questions.

Guidance for students: Why are so many people worried about GM technology?

Glossary: Genetic engineering, genetically modified and organic.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Discuss the ethics and principles of organic farming and explain why organic products are more expensive than non-organic produce
  • (Understand that crop plants can be genetically modified and the reasons for doing so)

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Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Scientists are able to extract and modify genes in order to change the properties of crops and animals used as food. Scientists are also able to clone organisms and some scientists hope to produce cloned body parts for transplantation surgery. Studying this topic gives students opportunities to interpret data produced through breeding experiments. Students can use various kinds of resources to consider the benefits, drawbacks and risks of scientific decisions are made and how ethical concerns of society can be considered, for example in relation to cloning.

Guidance for students: Are clones really like they are in the movies?; How can cows make drugs in their milk?; How can genetics be used to cure diseases?

Learning objectives:

  • Genetic modifications are used for a range of purposes
  • There are many ethical considerations associated with the advances in genetic modification

Glossary: Clone, forensic, transgenic.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe some of the implications of the outcome of the Human Genome Project to include the use of DNA evidence in forensic science and medicine
  • Discuss how the lives of two people, one suffering from Cystic Fibrosis and the other Breast Cancer, would change if these diseases could be treated genetically
  • (Evaluate the potential for using transgenic animals, including the production of 'designer milk' for example milk containing human antibodies and low cholesterol milk.)
  • Describe the social and ethical concerns of cloning mammals, including the possibility of cloning of human body parts for transplant surgery
  • (Consider the contemporary theory of 'designer babies' and explain why today's scientists are finding so much opposition to this being publicly accepted.)

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Unit B1b: Topic 3 - Electrical and Chemical Signals

Some hormones can be produced by genetic modification of bacteria for medical purposes e.g. in insulin production.

Glossary: Genetically modified,

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GM Crops

Unit B1a: Topic 1 - Environment

As usual, new food production techniques raise new ethical, social and environmental questions.

Guidance for students: Why are so many people worried about GM technology?

Glossary: Genetic engineering, genetically modified and organic.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Discuss the ethics and principles of organic farming and explain why organic products are more expensive than non-organic produce
  • (Understand that crop plants can be genetically modified and the reasons for doing so)

top

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Scientists are able to extract and modify genes in order to change the properties of crops and animals used as food. Scientists are also able to clone organisms and some scientists hope to produce cloned body parts for transplantation surgery. Studying this topic gives students opportunities to interpret data produced through breeding experiments. Students can use various kinds of resources to consider the benefits, drawbacks and risks of scientific decisions are made and how ethical concerns of society can be considered, for example in relation to cloning.

top

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Unit B1b: Topic 3 - Electrical and Chemical Signals

Some hormones can be produced by genetic modification of bacteria for medical purposes e.g. in insulin production.

Learning objectives:

  • Artificial hormones can be used to control reproduction and alter body functions

Glossary: Genetically modified, infertility, in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Explain how manufactured sex hormones can be used for contraception and to treat infertility in women
  • Discuss the social and ethical implications of IVF treatment, including its use in mature clients

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Human Genome Project (HGP)

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe some of the implications of the outcome of the Human Genome Project to include the use of DNA evidence in forensic science and medicine

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In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

Unit B1b: Topic 3 - Electrical and Chemical Signals

The contraceptive pill and fertility treatments are examples of ways in which sex hormones can be used medically. The application of science in controlling fertility and helping infertile couples to conceive can be considered, and the benefits, risks and drawbacks discussed.

Learning objectives:

  • Artificial hormones can be used to control reproduction and alter body functions

Glossary: Genetically modified, infertility, in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Explain how manufactured sex hormones can be used for contraception and to treat infertility in women
  • Discuss the social and ethical implications of IVF treatment, including its use in mature clients

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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • (Consider the contemporary theory of 'designer babies' and explain why today's scientists are finding so much opposition to this being publicly accepted.)

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Pharmacogenetics

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Guidance for students: When will I be able to get medicines especially made for me?; How can genetics be used to cure diseases?

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe some of the implications of the outcome of the Human Genome Project to include the use of DNA evidence in forensic science and medicine
  • Discuss how the lives of two people, one suffering from Cystic Fibrosis and the other Breast Cancer, would change if these diseases could be treated genetically

top

Unit B1b: Topic 4 - Use, Misuse and Abuse

They can also collect and interpret data from secondary sources and discuss the social, economic and ethical implications of drug misuse and abuse.

Guidance for students: Why it is so expensive to produce a new drug?; Why some drugs are considered good for your body and others bad?; How do different drugs affect people differently?

Learning objectives:

  • There are socio-economic reasons that contribute to ill health and ethical considerations for the development of treatments

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Use secondary data to explore the costs of developing new drugs

top

Transgenic Animals

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Scientists are able to extract and modify genes in order to change the properties of crops and animals used as food. Scientists are also able to clone organisms and some scientists hope to produce cloned body parts for transplantation surgery. Studying this topic gives students opportunities to interpret data produced through breeding experiments. Students can use various kinds of resources to consider the benefits, drawbacks and risks of scientific decisions are made and how ethical concerns of society can be considered, for example in relation to cloning.

Guidance for students: Are clones really like they are in the movies?; How can cows make drugs in their milk?

Learning objectives:

  • Genetic modifications are used for a range of purposes
  • There are many ethical considerations associated with the advances in genetic modification


Glossary: Clone, forensic, transgenic.

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • (Evaluate the potential for using transgenic animals, including the production of 'designer milk' for example milk containing human antibodies and low cholesterol milk.)
  • Describe the social and ethical concerns of cloning mammals, including the possibility of cloning of human body parts for transplant surgery.

top

Transplantation

Unit B1a: Topic 2 - Genes

Scientists are able to extract and modify genes in order to change the properties of crops and animals used as food. Scientists are also able to clone organisms and some scientists hope to produce cloned body parts for transplantation surgery. Studying this topic gives students opportunities to interpret data produced through breeding experiments. Students can use various kinds of resources to consider the benefits, drawbacks and risks of scientific decisions are made and how ethical concerns of society can be considered, for example in relation to cloning.

Guidance for students: When will I be able to get medicines especially made for me?; How can genetics be used to cure diseases?

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Describe some of the implications of the outcome of the Human Genome Project to include the use of DNA evidence in forensic science and medicine
  • Describe the social and ethical concerns of cloning mammals, including the possibility of cloning of human body parts for transplant surgery.
  • (Consider the contemporary theory of 'designer babies' and explain why today's scientists are finding so much opposition to this being publicly accepted.)

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Vaccination

Unit B1b: Topic 4 - Use, Misuse and Abuse

They can also collect and interpret data from secondary sources and discuss the social, economic and ethical implications of drug misuse and abuse.

Guidance for students: Why it is so expensive to produce a new drug?; Why some drugs are considered good for your body and others bad?; How do different drugs affect people differently?

Learning objectives:

  • There are socio-economic reasons that contribute to ill health and ethical considerations for the development of treatments

Learning outcomes: Students will be assessed on their ability to;

  • Use secondary data to explore the costs of developing new drugs

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UPDATED: 26th February 2008
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