Unit Biology 1a - Human Biology: Section 11.3
How do we use/abuse medical and recreational drugs?
People cannot make sensible decisions about drugs unless they know their full effects.
- Scientists are developing new drugs. These need to be thoroughly tested.
- When new medical drugs are devised, they have to be extensively tested and trialled before being used. Drugs are tested in the laboratory to find if they are toxic. They are then trialled on human volunteers to discover any side effects.
- Thalidomide is a drug that was developed as a sleeping pill. It was also found to be effective in relieving morning sickness in pregnant women. However, it had not been tested for this use. Unfortunately, many babies born to mothers who took the drug were born with severe limb abnormalities. The drug was then banned, but more recently is being used successfully to treat leprosy.
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Unit Biology 1b - Evolution and Environment: Section 11.6
Why are individuals of the same species different from each other? What new methods do we have for producing plants and animals with the characteristics we prefer?
Scientists can now add, remove or change genes to produce the plants and animals they want
- to interpret information about cloning techniques and genetic engineering techniques
- to make informed judgements about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including GM crops
- Modern cloning techniques include:
- Tissue culture using small groups of cells from part of a plant
- Embryo transplants splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers
- Fusion cell and adult cell cloning.
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Unit Biology 1a - Human Biology: Section 11.3
How do we use/abuse medical and recreational drugs?
People cannot make sensible decisions about drugs unless they know their full effects.
- Scientists are developing new drugs. These need to be thoroughly tested.
- When new medical drugs are devised, they have to be extensively tested and trialled before being used. Drugs are tested in the laboratory to find if they are toxic. They are then trialled on human volunteers to discover any side effects.
- Thalidomide is a drug that was developed as a sleeping pill. It was also found to be effective in relieving morning sickness in pregnant women. However, it had not been tested for this use. Unfortunately, many babies born to mothers who took the drug were born with severe limb abnormalities. The drug was then banned, but more recently is being used successfully to treat leprosy.
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Unit Biology 1b - Evolution and Environment: Section 11.6
Why are individuals of the same species different from each other? What new methods do we have for producing plants and animals with the characteristics we prefer?
Scientists can now add, remove or change genes to produce the plants and animals they want
- to interpret information about cloning techniques and genetic engineering techniques
-
- to make informed judgements about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including GM crops
Their skills, knowledge and understanding of how science works should be set in these substantive context;
- In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosome of humans and other organisms can be 'cut out' using enzymes and transferred to cells of other organism
Genes can be also transferred to cells of animals or plants at an early stage in their development so that they develop with desired characteristics
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Unit Biology 1b - Evolution and Environment: Section 11.6
Why are individuals of the same species different from each other? What new methods do we have for producing plants and animals with the characteristics we prefer?
Scientists can now add, remove or change genes to produce the plants and animals they want
- to interpret information about cloning techniques and genetic engineering techniques
- to make informed judgements about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including GM crops
top
Unit Biology 1b - Evolution and Environment: Section 11.6
Why are individuals of the same species different from each other? What new methods do we have for producing plants and animals with the characteristics we prefer?
- In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosome of humans and other organisms can be 'cut out' using enzymes and transferred to cells of other organism
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Unit Biology 1a - Human Biology: Section 11.1
- to evaluate the benefits of, and the problems that may arise from, the use of hormones to control fertility, including IVF
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Unit Biology 1a - Human Biology: Section 11.4
Scientists can now add, remove or change genes to produce the plants and animals they want.
- To interpret information about cloning techniques and genetic engineering techniques
- To make informed judgements about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including GM crops
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Unit Biology 1a - Human Biology: Section 11.4
What causes infectious disease and how can our bodies defend themselves against them?
- to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of being vaccinated against a particular disease
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