A2 3.4 Unit 4: 3.4.5 Energy is transferred through ecosystems and the efficiency of transfer can be measured

Energy and food production
The ways in which productivity is affected by farming practices that increase the efficiency of energy conversion. These include:

• the use of natural and artificial fertilisers
• the use of chemical pesticides, biological agents and integrated systems in controlling pests on agricultural crops intensive rearing of domestic livestock

A2 3.5 Unit 5: 3.5.8 Gene cloning technologies allow study and alteration of gene function in order to better understand organism function and to design new industrial and medical processes

Candidates should be able to:

• interpret information relating to the use of recombinant DNA technology
• evaluate the ethical, moral and social issues associated with the use of recombinant technology in agriculture, in industry and in medicine
• balance the humanitarian aspects of recombinant DNA technology with the opposition from environmentalists and antiglobalisation activists