Human-primate sequence comparisons

MVR-PCR data

MVR maps of alleles from a single chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan were generated and are shown below:

Chimp       CBBoBBCBoBCBCBoBCoB
Gorilla     CoBBBBBoBBB
Orang       oBB

Each primate analysed was homozygous at the minisatellite as determined by MVR code

Flanking sequence data

Sequence data from the same chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan are shown aligned to the consensus human sequence. Sequences were not generated across the minisatellite. Annotation is as described in the EMBL database. Alignments were generated using the CLUSTAL algorithm, run online at the Medical Research Council Human Genome Mapping Project (www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk).

? denotes missing sequence data

* denotes perfect sequence matches between all 4 sequences (or 3 sequences where data is not available for all species)

Red text indicates positions polymorphic in humans

Blue text indicates exons

Translated regions are indicated below the sequence, with amino acid abbreviations aligned to the first position of each codon. Non-synonymous substitutions are indicated.

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                84 bp from 5' end of TH intron 13                 INS-1
human           GAGCAGGGCTGGACCTGTGAGCCCAGGTCACAGATGAGAAAACCGACCCCTGGYTGCAGC
chimp           ???????????????????????????????AGATGAGAAAACCGACCCCTGGTTGCAGC
gorilla         ????????????????????????????????????????????????CCTGGTTGCAGC
orang           ?????????????????????????????????????????????????CTGGTTGCAGC
                                                                ***** ******

human           AGCCCCCACACAGCAGGGACACCATCCGTGAGAAGGACCCCAGCGTCTGGGGAGGGGCAG
chimp           AGCCCCTACACAGCAGGGGCACCATCCGTGAGAAGGACCCCAGCATCTGGGGAGGGGCGG
gorilla         AGCCCCCACACGGCAGGGACACCATCCGTGAGAAGGACCCCAGCGTCTGGGGAGGGGYAG
orang           AGCCCCCACACAGCGGGGACACCATCCGTGAGAAGGACCCCAGCGTCGGGGGAGGGGCAG
                ****** **** ** *** ************************* ** *********  *

human           ACCTACAGGACTGGGGGCTGCTGGGTGGCCGGGTCAAGGCCAGTCTTGGAGGTGCTGACA
chimp           ACCTACAGGACTGGGGGCTGCTGGGTGGCCGGGTCAAGGCCAGTCTTGGAGGTGCTGACA
gorilla         ACCTACAGGACTGGGGGCTGCTGGGTGGCCGGGTCAAGGCCAGTCTTGGAGGTGCTGACA
orang           ACCTACAGTACTGGGGGCTGCTGGGTGGCCGGGTCAAAGGCAGTCTTGGAGGTGCTGGCA
                ******** **************************** * ***************** **
                                  
INS-2                       INS-3
human           GAGCCTGAGCTTTGTGAGGACRTCCTGTGGAACCTGTCCCGGCCCCCTGYCCTGGGATGG
chimp           GAGCCTGAGCTTTGTGAGGATGTCCTGTGGAACCTGTCCCGGCCCCCTGCCCTGGGATGG
gorilla         GAGCCTGAGCTTTGTGAGGATGTCCTGTGGAACCTGTCCCGGCCCCCTGCCCTGGGATGG
orang           GAGCCTGAGCTTTGTGAGGAGGTCCTGTGGAACATGTCGCGGCCCCCTGCCCTGGGATGG
                ********************  *********** **** ********** **********

human           GGAGAAGTCAGGGGG-ATAGACAGAGTCAAGGTGGGGGACAGGGCGGGAGTGGGGTCCCC
chimp           GGAGAAGTCAGGGGG-ATAGACAGAGTCAAGGTCGGGGGCAGGGCGGGAGTGGGGTCCCC
gorilla         GGAGAAGTCAGGGGG-ATAGACAGAGTCAAGGTGGGGGACAGGGYGGGAGTGGGGTCCCC
orang           GGAGAAGTCAGGGGGGATAGAGAGAATCAAGGTGGGGAGCAGGGCGGGAGTGGGGTCCCC
                *************** ***** *** ******* ***  ***** ***************

human           AGGGCTGGGGGCCTTTGGTGCAGTGACCAGAGTGTCAGGAGAGGGGAGCAAAGCCCTCTA
chimp           CGGGCTGGGGGCCTTTGGCTCAGTGACCAGAGTGTCAGGAGAGGGGAGCAAAGCCCTCTA
gorilla         AGGGCTGGGGGCCTTTGGTGCAGTGACCAGAGTGTCAGGAGAGGGGAGCAAAGCCCTCTA
orang           AGGGCTGGGGGCCTTTGGTGCAATGACCAGAGTGTCAGGAGAGGGGAGCAAAGCCCACTA
                 *****************  ** ********************************* ***

human           GCCTCATCCTCATAAAAGGTCTCATCATTTTCCCTCCAGCCTCTTAT---GCACTGGGGA
chimp           GCCTCATCCCCATAAAAGGTCTCATCATTTTCCCTCCAGCCTCTTGT---GCACTGGGGA
gorilla         GCCTCATCCTCATAAAAGGTCTCATCATTTCCCCTGCAGCCTCTTGT---GCGCTGGGGA
orang           GCCTCATCCTCATAAAAGGTCTCATCATTTTCCCTCCAGCCTCTTGTTGTGCACTGGGGA
                ********* ******************** **** ********* *   ** *******

human           AACTGAGGCCAGGGGCTATGTGTCCAGCGGACAGGGGTGCTGAATTCCACCCACAGGCTT
chimp           AACTGAGGCCAGGGGCTATGTGTCCAGCGGACCGGGGTGCTGAATTCCACCCACAGGCTT
gorilla         AACTGAGGCCAGGGGCTATGTGTCCAGCGGACAGGGGTACTGAATTCTACCCACAGGCTT
orang           AACTGAGGCCAGGGGCTGTGTGCCCAGTGGACAGGGGTGCTGAATTCCACCCACAGGCTT
                ***************** **** **** **** ***** ******** ************

human           AGGGATATGGTCAAGGAAAGCTTCCTGGAGGAGGCCCAGTGGAGGTTCAGGGAGGGATGG
chimp           AGGGATATGGTCAAGGAAAGCTTCCTGGAGGAGGCCCAGTGGAGGTGCAGGGAGGGATGG
gorilla         AGGGATATGGTCAAGGAAAGCTTCCTGGAGGAGGCCCAGTGGAGGTGCAGGGAGGGATGG
orang           AGGGATATGGTCAAGGAAAGCTTCCTGGAGGAGGCCCAGTGGAGGTGCAGGGAGGGATGG
                ********************************************** *************

human           GGTGCCCGGCAG--TCTCTAGTGGAAAAGGCGCCTAGCCTATCTCCCCCATGAACCCCCT
chimp           GGTGCCCGGCAG--TCTCTAGTGGAAAAGGCGCCTAGCCTATCTCCCCCATGAACCCCCT
gorilla         GGTGCCCGGCAG--TCTCTAGTGGAAGAGGCGCCTAGCCTATCTCCCCCATGAACCCCCT
orang           GGTGCCTGGCAGAGTCTCTAGTGGAAAAGGCGCCTAGCTTATCTCCCCCATCAACCCCCT
                ****** *****  ************ *********** ************ ********

human           CACCCAGCCCTGGAAGAGGCCTCAGTGTCCCGCCTGTGACCAGTTGGCTCAGAAAAGCCC
chimp           CACCCAGCCCTGGAAGAGGCCTCAGTGTCTCGCCTGTGACCAGGTGGCTCAGAAAAGCCC
gorilla         CACCCAGCCCTGGAAGAGGCCTCAGTGTCCCGCCTGTGACCAGGTGGCTCAGAAAAGCCC
orang           CACCCAGCCCTGGAAGAGGCCTCAGTGTCCCGCCTGTGACCAGGCAGCTCAGAAAAGCCC
                ***************************** *************   **************
                              
INS-4
human           TGGGAGCTCTGAGCCACYGTGAAGGTGGAAACGCGGCCCCTGGCCTCCCCTCTCCTGGAG
chimp           TGGGAGCTCTGAGCCACTGTGAAGGTGGAAACGCGGCCCCTGGCCTCCCCTCTCCTGGAG
gorilla         TGGGAGCTCTGAGCCACTGTGAAGGTGGAAACGCAGCCCCTGGCCTCCCCTCTCCTGGAG
orang           TGGGAGCTCTGAACCACTGTGAGGGTGGAAACGTGGCCCCTGGCCTCCCCTCTCCTGGAG
                ************ **** **** **********  *************************
                                                                    TH exon 14
human           GCTGCAGACTCTGCCCGCCAGTTGACGAGGGCTCTGCCGCTCTCCTCCCCAG
GAGCTATG
chimp           GCTGCAGACTCTGCCTGCCAGTTGATGAGGGCTCTGCCGCTCTCCTCCCCAG
GAGCTATG
gorilla         GCTGCAGACTCTGCCTGCCAGTTGACGAGGGCTCTGCCGCTCTCCTCCCCAG
GAGCTATG
orang           GCTGCAGACTCTGCCCGCCAGTTGACGAGGGCTCTGCCGCTCTCCTCCCCAG
GAGCTATG
                *************** ********* **********************************
                                                                     S  Y  A
                                                                       
INS-5
human           CCTCACGCATCCAGCGCCCCTTCTCCGTGAAGTTCGACCCGTACACGCTGGCCATCGAYG
chimp           
CCTCACGCATCCAGCGCCCCTTCTCCGTGAAGTTCGACCCGTACACGCTGGCCATCGACG
gorilla         
CCTCACGCATCCAGCGCCCCTTCTCCGTGAAGTTCGACCCGTACACGCTGGCCATCGACG
orang           
CCTCACGCATCCAGCGCCCCTTCTCCGTGAAGTTCGACCCATACACGCTGGCCATCGACG
                **************************************** ***************** *
                  S  R  I  Q  R  P  F  S  V  K  F  D  P  Y  T  L  A  I  D  V

human           
TGCTGGACAGCCCCCAGGCCGTGCGGCGCTCCCTGGAGGGTGTCCAGGATGAGCTGGACA
chimp           
TGCTGGACAGCCCCCAGGCCGTGCGGCGCTCCCTGGAGGGTGTCCAGGATGAGCTGGACA
gorilla         
TGCTGGACAGCCCCCAGGCCGTGCGGCGCTCCCTGGAGGGTGTCCAGGATGAGCTGGACA
orang           
TGCTGGACAGCCCCCAGGCCGTGCGGCGCTCCCTGGAGGGTGTCCAGGACGAGCTGGACA
                ************************************************* **********
                  L  D  S  P  Q  A  V  R  R  S  L  E  G  V  Q  D  E  L  D  T

human           
CCCTTGCCCATGCGCTGAGTGCCATTGGCTAGGTGCACGGCGTCCCTGAGGGCCCTTCCC
chimp           
CCCTTGCCCATGCGCTGAGTGCCATTGGCTAGGTGCACGGCGTCCCTGAGGGCCCTTCCC
gorilla         
CCCTTGCCCATGCGCTGAGTGCCATTGGCTAGGTGCACGGCGTCCCTGAGGGCCCTTCCC
orang           
CCCTTGCCCATGCGCTGAGTGCCATTGGCTAGGTGCAGGGCACCCCCGAGGGCCCTTCCC
                ************************************* ***  *** *************
                  L  A  H  A  L  S  A  I  G

human          
 AACCTCCCCTGGTCCTGCACTGTCCCGGAGCTCAGGCCCTGGTGAGGGGCTGGGTCCCGG
chimp           
AACCTCCCCTGGTCCTGCACTGTCCCGGAGCTCAGGCCCTGGTGAGGGGCTGGGTCCCGG
gorilla        
 AACCTCCCC-GGTCCTGCACTGTCCCGGAGCTCAGGCCCTGGTGAGGGGCTGGGTCCCGG
orang           
AACCTCCCCTGGTCCTGCACTGTCCCGGAGATCAGGCCCTGGTGAGGGGCTGGGTCCCGG
                ********* ******************** *****************************

human           
GTGCCCCCCATGCCCTCCCTGCTGCCAGGCTCCCACTGCCCCTGCACCTGCTTCTCAGCG
chimp           
GTGCCCCCAC----CTCCCTGCTGCCAGGCTCCCGCTGCCCCTGCACCTGCTTCTCAGCG
gorilla         
ATGCCCCCAC??????????????????????????????????????????????????
orang           
GTGCCCCCCATGCCCTCCCTGCTGCCAGGCTCCCCCTGCCCCTGCACCTGCTTCTCAGCG
                 *******      ******************** *************************

human           
CAACAGCTGTGTGTGCCCGTGGTGAGGTTGTGCTGCCTGTGGTGAGGTCCTGTCCTGGCT
chimp           
CAACAGCTGTGTGTGCCCGTGGTGAGGTTGTGCTGCCTGTGGTGAGGTCCTGTCCTGGCT
gorilla         
??????????????????????????????????GCCTGTGGTGAGGTCCTGTCCTGGCT
orang           
CAACAGCTGTGTGTGCCCGTGGTGAGGTTGTGCTGCCTGTGGTGAGGTCCTGTCCTGGCT
                ************************************************************

human           
CCCAGGGTCCTGGGGGCTGCTGCACTGCCCTCCGCCCTTCCCTGACACTGTCTGCTGCCC
chimp           
CCCAGGGTCCTGGGGGCTGCTGCACTGCCCTCTCCCCTTCCCTGACACTGTCTGCTGCCC
gorilla         
CCCAGGGTCCTGGGGGCTGCTGCACTGCCCTCCCCCCTTCCCTGCCACTGTCTGCTGCCC
orang           
CCCAGGGTCCTGGGGGCTGCTGCACTGCCCTCTGCCCTTCCCTGACACCGTCTGCTGCCC
                ********************************  ********** *** ***********
                     
INS-6
human           CAATCACCRTCACAATAAAAGAAACTGTGGTCTCTACACCTGCCTGGCCCCACATCTGTG
chimp           
CAGCCACCATCACAATAAAAGAAAGTGTGGTCTCTACACCTGCCTGGCCCCACGTCTGTG
gorilla         
CAATCACCGTCACAATAAAAGAAAGTGTGGTCTCTACACCTGCCTGGCCCCACGTCTGTG
orang           
CAATCACCGTCACAATAAAAGAAAGTGTGATCTCTGCACCTGCCTGGCCCCACGTCTGTG
                **  **** *************** **** ***** ***************** ******
                    
INS-7
human           CCACAGASACAGACCCTGGGATCCTCAGACTCCCACACCCCCACCCCAGCCTCACTCAGA
chimp           
CCACAGAGACAGACCCTGGGATCCTCAGGCCCCCACATCCCCACCCCAGCCTCACTCAGA
gorilla         
CCACAGAGACAGACCCTGGGATCCCCAGGCTCCCACACCCCCACCCCAGCCTCACTCAGA
orang           
CCGCAGAGACAGACCCTGGGATCCTCAGGCTCCCACACCCCCACCCCAGCCTCACTCAGA
                ** **** **************** *** * ****** **********************

human           GGTTTCGCCCTGGCCTCCTTCCTCCTCTGGGAGATGGCTGGCCGCCCTGGCCAGGCAGCT
chimp           GCTTTCGCCCTGGCCTCCTTCCTCCTCTGGGAGGTGGCTGGCCGCCCTGGCCAGGCAGCT
gorilla         GCTTTCGCCCTGGCCTCCTTCCTCCTCTGGGAGATGGCTGGCCGCCCTGGCCAGGCAGCT
orang           GGTTTTGCCCTGGCCCCCTCCGTCCTCTGGGAGATGGCTGGCTGCCCTGGCCAGGCAGCT
                * *** ********* *** * *********** ******** *****************

human           GGCCCCTCCGGGCCTGGTTTCCCCGCTCACCCTGAGGCCCCGCCCAGCTCTGAGCCCCAA
chimp           GGCCCCTCCGGGCCTGGTTTCCCCGCTCACCCTGAGGCCCCGCCCAGCTCTGAGCCCCAA
gorilla         GGCCCCTCCGGGCCTGGTTTCCCCGCTCACCCTGAGGCCCCGCCCAGCTCTGAGCCCCGA
orang           GGCCCCTCCAGGCCTGGTTGCCCCGCTCACCCTGAGGCCCCGCCCAGCTCTGAGCCCCAA
                ********* ********* ************************************** *

human           GCAGCTCCAGAGGCTCGGGCACCCTGGCCGAGCTGCCCCATCTCCGTGGGGTGCCCTCCC
chimp           GCAGCTCCAGAGGCTCGGGCACCCTGGCTGAGCTGCCCCATCTCCGTGGGGTGCCCTCCC
gorilla         GCAGCTCCAGAGGCTCGGGCACCCTGGCCGAGCTGCCCCATCTCCGTGGGGTGCCCTCCC
orang           GCAGCTCCAGAGGCTCAGGCACCCTGGCTGAGCTGCCCCATCTCCGTGGGGTGCCCTCCC
                **************** *********** *******************************
                                                           
INS-9
human           AAGGTGGGGAGCCACGTGACAGTGGGAGGGCCTCTCTCAGGCCTGGMAGGGAGCAGGGGT
chimp           AAGGTGGGGAGCCGAGTGACCATGGGAGGGCCTCTCTCAGGCCTGGCAGGGAGCAGGGGT
gorilla         AAGGTGGGGAGCCGAGTGACAGTGGGAGGGCCTCTCTCAGGCCTGGCAGGGAGCAGGGGT
orang           AAGGTGGGAAGCCAAGTG-------------------------------GGAGCAGGGGT
                ******** ****  ***                               ***********

human           CACAAACTGTGCTGGCTGGGGGTGGTCTCAGAGGTGGGCCTGCAGGCCTAACCCTCCCTG
chimp           CACAAACTGTGCTGGCTGGGGGTGGCCTCAGAGGTGGGCCTGCAGGCCTAACCCTCCCTG
gorilla         CACAAACT--GCTGGCTGGGGCTGGTCTCAGAGGTGGGCCTGCAGGCCTAACCCTCCCTG
orang           CACAA-CTGTGCTGGCTGGGGGTGGTCTCAGAGGTGGGCCTGCAGGCCTAACCCTCCCTG
                ***** **  *********** *** **********************************

human           CTGACAGGGCTCCCAGCCCTTGAGAGAAACAGGGATGGAGGAACAGCTGCCCTGATGCCC
chimp           CTGACAGGGCTCCCAGCCCTTGAGAGAAACAGGGATGGAGGAACAGCTGCCCCGATGCCC
gorilla         CGGACAGGGCTCCCAGCCCTTGAGAGAAACAGGGATGGAGGAACAGCTTCCCCGATGCCC
orang           CTGACGGGGCTCCCAGCCCTTGAGAGGAGCAGGGATGGAGGAACAGCTGCCCCAATGCCC
                * *** ******************** * ******************* ***  ******

human           TCACCCACCCGGAGCAGGCCCTGCGAACCAAGGGGAACCTCAGTGTGGCCCCCAGCATGT
chimp           TCACCCACCCGGAGCAGGCCCTGTGAACCAACGGGAACCTCAGTGTGGCCCCCAGCATGT
gorilla         TCACCCACCCGGAGCAGGCCCTGCGAACCAAGGGGAACCTCAGTGTGGCCCCCAGCATGT
orang           TCACCCACCCGGAGCAGGCCCTGCGAACCAAGGGGGACCTCAGCGTGACCCCCAGCATGT
                *********************** ******* *** ******* *** ************

human           GTGCTGATGGGGAGGGTCTGGCTGAGCTGGTGCCCAGGCAGATGGTCTGGGCCTGTCTCC
chimp           GTGCTGATGGGGAGGGTCTGGCTGAGCTGGTGCCCAGGCAGATGGTCTGGGCCTATCTCC
gorilla         GTGCTGATGGGGAGGGTCTGGCTGAGCTGGTGCCCAGGCAGATGGTCTGGGCCTGTCTCC
orang           GTGCTGATGGGGAGGGTCTGGCTGAGCTGGTGCCCAGGCAGATGGTCTGGGCCTGTCTCC
                ****************************************************** *****

human           CCAGCGAGGCAGGATGGGGGCTGGATTTCAGACTCTGTAAGATGCCCCTGGCTTACTCGA
chimp           CCAGTGAGGCAGGCTGGGGGCTGGATTTCA--CTCTGTAACATGCCCCTGGCTTACTCGA
gorilla         CCAGCGAGGCAGGCTGGGGGCTGGATTTCAGACTCTGTAAGATGCCCCTGGCTTACTCGA
orang           CCAGC???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                **** ******** ****************  ******** *******************

human           GGGGCCTGGACATTGCCCTCCAGAGAGAGCACCCAACACCCTCCAGGCTTGACCGGCCAG
chimp           GGGGCCTGGACAT---CCTCCAGAGAGAGCACCCAACACCCTCCAGGCTTGACCGGCCAG
gorilla         GGGACCTGGACATTGCCCTCCAGAGAGAGCACCCAACACCCTCCAGGCTTGACCGGCCAG
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                *** *********   ********************************************

human           GGTGTCCCCTTCCTACCTTGGAGAGAGCAGCCCCAGGGCATCCTGCAGGGGGTGCTGGGA
chimp           GGTGCCCCCTTCCTACCTTGGAGAGAGCAGCCCCAGGGCGTCCTGCAAGGGGTGCTGGGA
gorilla         GGTGCCCCCTTCCTACCTTGGAGAGAGCAGCCCCAGGGCATCCTGCAGGGGGTGCTGGGA
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                **** ********************************** ******* ************
                                                              
INS-10
human           CACCAGCTGGCCTTCAAGGTCTCTGCCTCCCTCCAGCCACCCCACTACAYGCTGCTGGGA
chimp           CACCAGCTGGCCTTCAAGGCCTCTGCCTCCCTCCAGCCACCCCACTACACCCTGCTGGGA
gorilla         CACCAGCTGGCCTTCAAGGCCTCTGCCTCCCTCCAGCCACCCCACTACACCCTGCTGGGA
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                ******************* *****************************  *********
                               
INS-11
human           TCCTGGATCTCAGCTCCCYGGCCGACAACACTGGCAAACTCCTACTCATCCACGAAGGCC
chimp           TCCTGGATCTCAGCTCCCCGGCCGACAACCCTGGCAAACTCCTACTCATCCACAAAGGCC
gorilla         TCCTGGATCTCAGCTCCCCGCCCGACAACCCTGGCAAACTCCTACTCATCCACGAAGGCC
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                ****************** * ******** *********************** ******

human           CTCCTGGGCATGGTGGTCCTTCCCAGCCTGGCAGTCTGTTCCTCACACACCTTGTTAGTG
chimp           CTCCTGGGCATGGCGGTCCTTCCCAGCCTGGCAGTCTGTTCCTCACACACCTTGTCGGTG
gorilla         CTCCCGGGCATGGCGGTCCTTCCCGGCCTGGCAGTCTGTTCCTCACACACCTTGTCGGTG
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                **** ******** ********** ******************************  ***

human           CCCAGCCCCTGAGGTTGCAGCTGGGGGTGTCTCTGAAGGGCTGTGAGCCCCCAGGAAGCC
chimp           CCCAGCCCCTGAGGTTGCAACTGGGGGTGTCTCTGAAGGGCTGTGAGCCCCAAGGAAGCC
gorilla         CCCAGCCCCTGAGGTTGCAACTGGGGGTGTCTCTGAAGGGCTGTGAGCCCCAAGGAAGCC
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                ******************* ******************************* ********

human           CTGGGGAAGTGCCTGCCTTGCCTCCCCCCGGCCCTGCCAGCGCCTGGCTCTGCCCTCCTA
chimp           CTGGGGAAGTGCCTGCCTTGCCTCCCCCCGGCCCTGCCAGCCCCTGGCTCTGCCCTCCTA
gorilla         CTGGGGAAGTGCCTGCCTTGCCTCCCCCCGGCCCTGCCAGCCCCTGGCTCTGCCCTCCTA
orang           ???????AGTGCCTGCCTTGCCTCCCCCCGGCCCTGCCAGCCCCTGGCTCTGCCCTCCTA
                ***************************************** ******************
                          
INS-12
human           CCTGGGCTCCCCCYATCCAGCCTCCCTCCCTACACACTCCTCTCAAGGAGGCACCCATGT
chimp           CCTGGGCTCCCCCCATCCAGCCTCCCTCCCTACACACTCCTCTTAAGGAGGCACCCATGT
gorilla         CCTGGGCTCCCCCCATCCAGCCTCCCTCCCTACACACTCCTCTTAAGGAGGCACCCATGT
orang           CCTGGGTTCCCCCCATCCAGCCTCCCTCCCTACACACTCCTCTTAAGGAGGCACCCACGT
                ****** ****** ***************************** ************* **

human           CCTCTCCAGCTGCCGGGCCTCAGAGCACTGTGGCGTCCTGGGGCAGCCACCGCATGTCCT
chimp           CTTCTCCAGCTGCCGGGCCTCAGAGCACTGTGGTGTCCTGGGGCAGCCACCGCATGTCCT
gorilla         CTTCTCCAGCTGCCGGGCCTCAGAGCACTGTGGTGTCCTGGGGCAGCCACCGCATGTCCT
orang           CTTCTCCAGCTGCCGGGCCTCAGAGCACGGTGGCGTCCTGGGGCAGCCACCACATGTCCT
                * ************************** **** ***************** ********
                                         
INS-14
human           GCTGTGGCATGGCTCAGGGTGGAAAGGGYGGAAGGGAGGGGTCCTGCAGATAGCTGGTGC
chimp           GCTGTGGCATGGCTCAGGGTGGAAAGGGTGGAAGGGAGGGGCCCTGCAGATAGCTGGTGC
gorilla         GCTGTGGCATAGCTCAGGGTGGAAAGGGCGGAAGGGAGGGGCCCTGCAGATAGCTGGTGC
orang           GCTGTGGCATGGCTCAGAGTGGAAAGGGTGGGAGGGAGGGGTCCTGCAGATAGCTGGTGC
                ********** ****** ********** ** ********* ******************

human           CCACTACCAAACCCGCTCGGGGCAGGAGAGCCAAAGGCTGGGTGTGTGCAGAGCGGCCCC
chimp           CCACTACCAAACCCGCTCGGGGCAGGAGAGCCTAAGGCTGGGTGTGTGCAGAGTGGCCCC
gorilla         CCACTACCAAACCCGCTCTGGGCAGGAGAACCTAAGGCTGGGTGTGTGCAGAGTGGCCCT
orang           CCACTACCAAACCCGCTCGGGGCAGGAGAGCCTAAGGCTGGGTGTGTGCAGGGCAGCCCC
                ****************** ********** ** ****************** *  **** 
                             
INS-16
human           GAGAGGTTCCGAGGCTRAGGCCAGGGTGGGACATAGGGATGCGAGGGGCCGGGGCACAGG
chimp           GAGAGGTTCTGAGGCTGAGGCCAGGGTGGGACATAGGGATGTGAGGGGCCAGGGCACAGG
gorilla         GAGAGGTTCTGAGGCTGAGGCCAGGGTGGGACATAGGGATGCGAGGGGCCGGGGCACAGG
orang           GAGAGGTTCTGAGGCTGAGGCCAGGGTGGGACATAGGGATGCGAGCAGCCGGGGCACAGG
                ********* ****** ************************ ***  *** *********

human           ATACTCCAACCTGCCTGCCCCCATGGT--------------CTCATCCTCCTGCTTCTGG
chimp           ATACTCCAACCTGCCTGCCCCCATTGTTGGAGCAGGATGCTCCAACCCTCCTGCTTCTGG
gorilla         ATACTCCAACCTGTCTGCCCCCATGGT--------------CTCACCCTCCTGCTTCTGG
orang           ATATTCCAATCTGCCTGCCCCCATGGT--------------CTCACCCTCCTGCTTCTGG
                *** ***** *** ********** **              *  * **************

human           GACCTCCTGATCCTGCCCCTGGTGCTAAGAGGCAGGTAGGGGCTGCAGGCAGCAGGGCTC
chimp           GACCTCCTGATCCTGCCCCTGGTGCTAAGAGGCAGGTAGGGGCTGCGGGCAGCAGGGCTC
gorilla         GACCTCCTGATCCTGCCCCTGGTGCTAAGAGGCAGGTAGGGGCTGCGGGCAGCAGGGCTC
orang           GACCTCCTGATCCTGCGCCTGGTGCTAAGAGTCAGGTAGGGGCTGCGGGCAGCAGGGCTC
                **************** ************** ************** *************

human           GGAGCCCATGCCCCCTCACCATGGGTCAGGCTGGACCTCCAGGTGCCTGTTCTGGGGAGC
chimp           GGAGCCCATGCCCCCTCACCATGGGTCAGGCTGGACCTCCAGGTGCCTGTTCTGGGGAGC
gorilla         AGAGCCCATGCCCCCTCACCGTGGGTCAGGCTGGACCTCCAGGTGCCCGTTCTGGGGAGC
orang           AGAGCCCATGCCCCCTCACTATGGGTCAGACTGAACCTCCAGGTGCCTGTCCCGGGGGGC
                 ******************  ******** *** ************* ** * **** **

human           TGGGAGGGCCGGAGGGGTGTACCCCAGGGGCTCAGCCCAGATGACACTATGGGGGTGATG
chimp           TGGGAGGGCCGGAGGGGTGTACCCCAGGGGCTCAGCCCAGATGACACTATGGGGGTGATG
gorilla         TGGGAGGGCCGGAGGGGTGTACCCCAGGGGCTCAGCCCAGATGACACTATGGGGGTGATG
orang           TGGGAGGGCCGGAGGGGTGTACCCCAGGAGCTCAGCCCAGATGACACTATGGGGGTGATG
                **************************** *******************************
                   
INS-17
human           GTGTCAWGGGACCTGGCCAGGAGAGGGGAGATGGGCTCCCAGAAGAGGAGTGGGGGCTGA
chimp           GTGTCGTGGGACCTGGCCAGGAGAGGGGAGATGGGCTCCCAGAAGAGGAGTAGGGGCTGA
gorilla         GTGTCATGGGACCTGGCCAGGAGAGGGGAGATGGGCTCCCAGAAGAGGAGTGGGGGCTGA
orang           GTGTCGTGGGACCTGGCCAGGAGAGGGGAGATGGGCTCCCAGAAGAGGAGTGGGGGCTGA
                *****  ******************************************** ********

human           GAGGGTGCCTGGGGGGCCAGGACGGAGCTGGGCCAGTGCACAGCTTCCCACACCTGCCCA
chimp           GAGGGTGCCTGGGGGGCCCGGACGGAGCTGGGCCAGTGCACAGCTTCCCACACCTGCCCA
gorilla         GAGGGTGCCTGGGGGGCCCGGACGGAGCTGGGCCAGTGCAYAGCTTCCCACACCTGCCCA
orang           GAGGATGCCTGGGGGGCCTGGACGGAGCTGGGCCAGTGCACAGCTTCCCACACCTGCCCA
                **** ************* ********************* *******************
                                
INS-18        INS-19
human           CCCCCAGAGTCCTGCCGCC
RCCCCCAGATCACAYGGAAGATGAGGTCCGAGTGGCCTGCT
chimp           CCCCCAGAGTCCTGCCGCCACCCCCAGATCACACGGAAGATGAGGTCCGAGTGGCCTGCT
gorilla         CCCCCAGAGTCCTGCCGCCACCCCCAGATCACACGGAAGATGAGGTCCGAGTGGCCTGCT
orang           CCCCCGGAGTCCTGCCGCCACCCCCAGATCACACGAAAGATGAGGTCCTAGTGGCCTGCT
                ***** ************* ************* * ************ ***********
                                        
INS-20
human           GAGGACTTGCTGCTTGTCCCCAGGTCCYCAGGTCATGCCCTCCTTCTGCCACCCTGGGGA
chimp           GAGGACTTGCTGCTTGTCCCCGGGTCCCCGGGTCATGCCCTCCTTCTGCCACCCTCGGGA
gorilla         GAGGACTTGCTGCTTGTCCCCGGGTCCCCAGGTCATGCCCTCCTTCTGCCACCCTCGGGA
orang           GAGGACTTGCTGCTTGTCCCCGGGTCCCCGGGTCATGCCCGCCTTCTGCCACCGTGGGGA
                ********************* ***** * ********** ************ * ****

human           GCTGAGGGCCTCAGCTGGGGCTGCTGTCCTAAGGCAGGGTGGGAACTAGGCAGCCAGCAG
chimp           GCTGAGGGCCACAGCTGGGGCTGCTGTCCTACGGCGGGGTGGGAACTGGGCAGCCAGCAG
gorilla         GCTGAGGGCCTCAGCTGGGGCTGCTGTCCTAAGGCGGGGTGGGAACTGGGCAGCCAGCAG
orang           GCTGAGGGCCTCAGCTGGGGCTGCTGTCCTAACGTGGGGTGGGAACTGGGCAGCCAGCAG
                ********** ********************  *  *********** ************
                                     
INS-21
human           GGAGGGGACCCCTCCCTCACTCCCMCTCTCCCACCCCCACCACCTTGGCCCATCCATGGC
chimp           GGAGGGGACCCCTCCCTCACTCCCACTGTACCACCCCCACCACCTTGGCCCATCCAT???
gorilla         GGAGGGGACCCCTCCCTCACTCCCACTCTCCCACCCCCACCACCTTGGC???????????
orang           GGAGGGGACCCCTCCCTCACTCCCACT------CCCCCACCACATTGGC???????????
                ************************ **      ********** *****           

Unsequenced minisatellite region

human           CCTCCAGCTCTCCTGGTCTAATGTGGAAAGTGGCCCAGGTGAGGGCTTTGCTCTCCTGGA
chimp           ????????????????????????????????????????GACGGCTTTGCTCTCCTGGA
gorilla         ????????????????????????????????????????GAGGGCTTTGCTCTCCTGGA
orang           ?????????????????????????????????????????????CCATCCTCTCCTGGA
                                                             *  * **********

human           GACATTTGCCCCCAGCTGTGAGCAGGGACAGGTCTGGCCACCGGGCCCCTGGTTAAGACT
chimp           GACATTTGCCCCCAGCTGTGAGCAGGGACAGGTCTGGCCACCGGGCCCCTGGTTAAGACT
gorilla         GACATTTGCCCCCAGCTGCGAGCAGGGACAGGTCTGGCCACCGGGCCCCTGGTTAAGACT
orang           GACATTTGCCCCCAGCTGCGAGCAGGGACAGGTCTGGCCACCAGGCCCCTGGTTAAGACT
                ****************** *********************** *****************

human           CTAATGACCCGCTGGTCCTGAGGAAGAGGTGCTGACGACCAAGGAGATCTTCCCACAGAC
chimp           CTAATGACCCGCTGGCCCTAAGGAAGAGGTGCTGACGACCAAGGAGATCTTCCCACAGAC
gorilla         CTAATGACCCGCTGGCCCTGAGGAAGAGGTGCTGACGACCAAGGAGATCTTCCCACAGAC
orang           CTAATGACCCGCTGGCCCTGAGGAAGAGGTGCTGATGACCAAGGAGATCTTCCCACAGAC
                *************** *** *************** ************************

human           CCAGCACCAGGGAAATGGTCCGGAAATTGCAGCCTCAGCCCCCAGCCATCTGCCGACCCC
chimp           CCAGCACCAGGGAAATGGTCCGGAAATTGCAGCCTCAGCCCCCAGCCATCTGCCGACCCC
gorilla         CCAGCACCAGGGAAATGGTCCGGAAATTGCAGCCTCAGCCCCCAGCCATCTGCCGACCCC
orang           CCAGCACCAGGGAAATGATCCGGAAATTGCAGCCTCAGCCCCCAGCCATCTGCCGACCCC
                ***************** ******************************************
                                                    
INS-24 INS-25
human           CCCACCCCAGGCCCTAATGGGCCAGGCGGCAGGGGTTGASAGGTAGRGGAGATGGGCTCT
chimp           CCCACCCCAGGCCCTAATGGGCCAGGCGGCAGGGGTTGACAGGTAGGGGAGATGGGCTCT
gorilla         CCCACCCCAGGCCCTAATGGGCCAGGCGGCAGGGGTTGACAGGCAGGGGAGATGGGCTCT
orang           CCCACCCCAGGCCCTAATGGGCCAGGCGGCAGGGGTTGGCAGGTAGGGGAGATGGGCTCT
                **************************************  *** ** *************

human           GAGACTATAAAGCCAGCGGGGGCCCAGCAGCCCTC
AGCCCTCCAGGACAGGCTGCATCAG
chimp           GAGACTATAAAGCCAGCGGGGGCCCAGCAGCCCTC
AGCCCTCCAGGACAGGCTGCATCAG
gorilla         GAGACTATAAAGCCAGTGGGGACCCAGCAGCCCTC
AGCCCTCCAGGACAGGCTGCATCAG
orang           GAGACTATAAAGCCAGTGGGGGCCCAGCAGCCCTC
AGCCCTCCGGGACAGGCTGCATCAG
                **************** **** ********************* ****************
                                    
INS-69                             INS-26
human           
AAGAGGCCATCAAGCAGGTCTGTTGCTTCCAAGGGCCTTTGCGTCAGGTGGGCTCAGGR-----
chimp           
AAGAGGCCATCAAGCAGGTCTG----TTCCAAGGGCCTTTGCGTCAGGTGGGCTCAGGG-----
gorilla         
AAGAGGCCATCAAGCAGGTCTG----TTCCAAGGGCCTTTGCGTCAGGTGGGCTCAGGGCTGCC
orang           
AAGAGGCCATCAAGCAGGTCTG----TTCCAAGGGCCTTTGCGTCAGGTGGGCTCAGGGCTGCC
                **********************    ********************************      

human           
-----------TTCCAGGGTGGCTGGACCCCAGGCCCCAGCTCTGCAGCAGGGAGGACGT
chimp           
-----------TTCCAGGGTGGCTGGACCCCAGGCCCCAGCTCTGCAGCAGGGAGGACGT
gorilla         
CCACTTGGGGGTTCCAGGGTGGCTGGACCCCAGGCCCCAGCTCTGCAGCAGGGAGGACGT
orang           
CCACTTGGGGGTTCCAGGGTGGCTGGACCCCAGGCTCCAGCTCTGCAGCTGGGAGGACGT
                           ************************ ************* **********

human           
GGCTGGGCTCGTGAAGCATGTGGGGGTGAGCCCAGGGGCCCCAAGGCAGGGCACCTGGCC
chimp           
GGCTGGGCTCTTGAAGCATGTGGGGGTGAGCCCAGGGGCCCCAAGGCAGGGCACCTGGCC
gorilla         
GGCTGGGCTCTTGAAGCATGTGGGGGTGAGCCCAGGGGCCCCAAGGCAGGGCAACTGGCC
orang           
GGCTGGGCTCTTGAAGCATTTGGGGGTGAGCCCAGGGGCCCCAGGGCAGGGCACCTGGCC
                ********** ******** *********************** ********* ******
                                       
INS-27        INS-72
human           
TTCAGCCTGCCTCAGCCCTGCCTGTCWCCCAGATCACTGTYCTTCTGCCATGGCCCTGTG
chimp           
TTCAGCCGGCCTCAGCCCTGCCTGTCTCCCAGATCACTGTCCTTCTGCCATGGCCCTGTG
gorilla         
TTCAGCCGGCCTCAGCCCTGCCTGTCTCCCAGATCACTGTCCTTCTGCCATGGCCCTGTG
orang           
TTCAGCCGACCTCAGCTCTGCCTGTCTCCCAGATCACTGTCCTTCTGCCATGGCCCTGTG
                *******  ******* ********* ************* *******************
                                                                 M  A  L  W
                                     
INS-70
human           GATGCGCCTCCTGCCCCTGCTGGCRCTGCTGGCCCTCTGGGGACCTGACCCAGCCGCAGC
chimp           
GATGCGCCTCCTGCCCCTGCTGGTGCTGCTGGCCCTCTGGGGACCTGACCCAGCCTCGGC
gorilla         
GATGCGCCTCCTGCCCCTGCTGGCGCTGCTGGCCCTCTGGGGACCTGACCCAGCCGCGGC
orang           
GATGCGCCTCCTGCCCCTGCTGGCGCTGCTGGCCCTCTGGGGACCTGACCCGGCCCAGGC
                ***********************  ************************** ***   **
human            M  R  L  L  P  L  L  A  L  L  A  L  W  G  P  D  P  A  A  A
chimp                                 V                                S
gorilla                               A                                A
orang                                 A                                Q
Both variants lie within the INS signal peptide (shown by underline)

human           
CTTTGTGAACCAACACCTGTGCGGCTCACACCTGGTGGAAGCTCTCTACCTAGTGTGCGG
chimp           
CTTTGTGAACCAACACCTGTGCGGCTCCCACCTGGTGGAAGCTCTCTACCTAGTGTGCGG
gorilla         
CTTTGTGAACCAACACCTGTGCGGCTCCCACCTGGTGGAAGCTCTCTACCTAGTGTGCGG
orang           
CTTTGTGAACCAGCACCTGTGCGGCTCCCACCTGGTGGAAGCTCTCTACCTAGTGTGTGG
                ************ ************** ***************************** **
                 F  V  N  Q  H  L  C  G  S  H  L  V  E  A  L  Y  L  V  C  G

human           
GGAACGAGGCTTCTTCTACACACCCAAGACCCGCCGGGAGGCAGAGGACCTGCAGGGTGA
chimp           
GGAACGAGGCTTCTTCTACACACCCAAGACCCGCCGGGAGGCAGAGGACCTGCAGGGTGA
gorilla         
GGAACGAGGCTTCTTCTACACACCCAAGACCCGCCGGGAGGCAGAGGACCTGCAGGGTGA
orang           
GGAACGAGGCTTCTTCTACACACCCAAGACCCGCCGGGAGGCAGAGGACCTGCAGGGTGA
                ************************************************************
                 E  R  G  F  F  Y  T  P  K  T  R  R  E  A  E
                   
INS-28
human           GCCAACYGCCCATTGCTGCCCCTGGCCGCCCCCAGCCACCCCCTGCTCCTGGCGCTCCCA
chimp           GCCAACCGCCCGTTGCTGCCCCTGGCCACCCCCAGCCACCCCCTGCTCCTGGCGCTCCCA
gorilla         GCCAACCGCCCGTTGCTGCCCCTGGCCGCCCCCAGCCACCCCCTGCTCCTGGCGCTCCCA
orang           GCCAACCGCCCCTTGCTGCCCCTGGTCGCCCCCAGCCATCCCCTGCTTCTGCCGCTCCCA
                ****** **** ************* * ********** ******** *** ********

human           CCCAGCATGGGCAGAAGGGGGCAGGAGGCTGCCACCCAGCAGGGGGTCAGGTGCACTTTT
chimp           CCCAGCATGGGCAGAAGGGGGCAGGAGGCTGCCACCCAGCAGGGGGTCAGGTGCACTTTT
gorilla         CCCAGCATGGGCAGAAGGGGGCAGGAGGCTGCCACCCAGCAGGGGGTCAGGTGTACTTTT
orang           CCCAGCATGGGCAGAAGGGGGCAGGAGGCTGCCACCCAGCAGGGGGTCAGGTGTACTTTT
                ***************************************************** ******

human           TTAAAAAGAA-----GTTCTCTTGGTCACGTCCTAAAAGTGACCAGCTCCCTGTGGCCCA
chimp           TAAAAAAGAAATGAAGTTCTCTTGGTCACATCCTAAAAGTGACCAGCTCCCTGTGGCCCA
gorilla         TTAAAAAGAAATGAAGTTCTCTTGGTCACGTCCTAAAAGTGACCAGCTCCCTGTGGCCCA
orang           TTAAAAAGAAATGAAGTTCTCTTGGTCACATCCTAAAAGTGACCAGTTCCCTGTGGCCCA
                * ********     ************** **************** *************

human           GTCAGAATCTCAGCCTGAGGACGGTGTTGGCTTCGGCAGCCCCGAGATACATCAGAGGGT
chimp           GTCAGAATCTCAGCCTGAGGACGGTGTTGGCTTCGGCAGCCCCGAGATACATCAGAGGGT
gorilla         GTCAGAGTCTCAGCCTGAGGACGGTGTTGGCTTCGGCAGCCCCGAGATACATCAGAGGGT
orang           TTCAGAAT-----------------GGGGGCTTCAGCAGCCCCGAGATACATCAGAGGGT
                 ***** *                 *  ****** *************************
                  
INS-31
human           GGGCAYGCTCCTCCCTCCACTCGCCCCTCAAACAAATGCCCCGCAGCCCATTTCTCCACC
chimp           GGGCACGCTCCTCCCTCCACTCGCCCCTCAAACAAATGCCCCACAGCCCATTTCTCCACC
gorilla         GGGCACGCTCCTCCCTCCACTCGCCCCTCAAACAAATGCCCCGCAGCCCATTTCTCCACC
orang           GGGCACGCTCCTCCCTCCACTCGCCCCTCAAACAAATGCCCCACAGCCCATTTCTCCACC
                ***** ************************************ *****************

human           CTCATTTGATGACCGCAGATTCAAGTGTTTTGTTAAGTA-AAGTCCTGGGTGACCTGGGG
chimp           CTCATTTGATGACCGCAGATTCAAGTGTTTTGTTAAGTA-AAGTCCTGGGTGACCTGGGG
gorilla         CTCATTTGAAGACCTCAGATTCAAGTGTT-----------AAGTCCTGGGTGACCTGGGG
orang           CTCATTTGATGACCGCAGATTCAAGTGTTTTGTTAAGTACAAGTCCTGGGTGACCTGGGG
                ********* **** **************           ********************
                                         
INS-32
human           TCACAGGGTGCCCCACGCTGCCTGCCTCYGGGCGAACACCCCATCACGCCCGGAGGAGGG
chimp           TCACAGGGTGCCCCACGCTGCCTGCCTCTGGGCGAACACCCCATCACGCCCTGAGGAGGG
gorilla         TCACAGGGTGCCCCACGCTGCCTGCCTCTGGGCGAACGCCCCATCACGCCCTGAGGAGGG
orang           TCACAGGGTGCCCCACGCTGCCTGCCTCTGGGCGAACGCCCCATCACGCCCTGAGGAGGA
                **************************** ******** ************* ******* 

human           CGTGGCTGCCTGCCTGAGTGGGCCAGACCCCTGTCGCCAGGCCTCACGGCAGCTCCATAG
chimp           CGTGGCTGCCTCCCTGAGTGGGCCAGACCCCTGTCGCCAGGCCTCACGGCAGCTCCATAG
gorilla         CGTGGCTGCCTGCCTGAGTGGGCCAGACCCCTGTCGCCAGGCCTCACGGCAGCTCCATAG
orang           CATGGCCGCCTGCCTGAGTGGGCCAGACCCCTGTCACCAGGCCTCACGGCAGCTCCGTAG
                * **** **** *********************** ******************** ***

human           TCAGGAGATGGGGAAGATGCTGGGGACAGGCCCTGGGGAGAAGTACTGGGATCACCTGTT
chimp           TCAGGAGATGGGGAAGATGCTGGGGACAGGCCCTGGGGAGAAGTACTGGGGCCACCTGTT
gorilla         TCAGGAGATGGGGAAGATGCTGGGGACAGGCCCTGGGGAGAAGTACTGGGGCCACCTGTT
orang           TCAGGAGATGGGGAAGATGCTGGGGACAGGCCCTGGGGAGGAGTACCGGGGGCACCTGTT
                **************************************** ***** ***  ********

human           CAGGCTCCCACTGTGACGCTGCCCCGGGGCGGGGGAAGGAGGTGGGACATGTGGGCGTTG
chimp           CAGGCTCCCGCTGTGACACCGCCCCGGGGCGGGGGAAGGAGGTAGGACATGTGGGCGTTG
gorilla         CAGGCTCCCGCTGTGACACCGCCCCGGGGCAGGGGAAGGAGGTAGGACATGTGGGCGTTG
orang           CAGGCTCCTGCTGTGACACTGCCCCGGGGCGGGGGAAGGAGGTAGGACATGTGGACCTTG
                ********  ******* * ********** ************ ********** * ***
                                  
INS-34
human           GGGCCTGTAGGTCCACACCCASTGTGGGTGACCCTCCCTCTAACCTGGGTCCAGCCCGGC
chimp           GGGCCTGTAGGTCCACACCCAGTGTGGGTGACCCTCCCTCTAACCTGGGTCCAGCCCGGC
gorilla         GGGCCTGTAGGTCCACACCCAGTGTGGGTGACCCTCCCTCTAACCTGGGTCCAGCCCAGC
orang           GGGCCTGTAGGTCCACACCCAGTGTGGGTGACCTTCCCTATAATCTGGGTCCAGCCCGGC
                ********************* *********** ***** *** ************* **
                               
INS-35
human           TGGAGATGGGTGGGAGTGYGACCTAGGGCTGGCGGGCAGGCGGGCACTGTGTCTCCCTGA
chimp           TGGAGATGGGTGGGAGTGCGACCTAGGGCTGGTGGGCAGGCGGGCACTGTCTCTCCCTGA
gorilla         TGGAGATGGGTGGGAGTGCAACCTAGGCCTGGTGGGCAGGCGGGCACTGTCTCTCCCTGA
orang           TGGAGATGGGTGGGAGTGCGACCTAGGGCTGGTGGGCAGGTGGGCAGTGTCTCTCCCTGA
                ******************  ******* **** ******* ***** *** *********
                                           
INS-36                 INS-37
human           CTGTGTCCTCCTGTGTCCCTCTGCCTCGCC
RCTGTTCCGGAACCTGCTCTGCGYGGCACG
chimp           CTGTGTCCTCCTGTGTCCCTCTGCCTCGCCGCTGTTCCGGAACCTGCTCTGCGCGGCACG
gorilla         CTGTGTCCTCCTGTGTCCCTCTGCCTCGCCGCTGTTCCGGAACCTGCTCTGCGCGGCGTG
orang           CTGTGTCCTCCTGTGTCCCTCTGCCTCACCGCTGTTCCGGAACCTGCTCTGCGCGGCACG
                *************************** ** ********************** ***  *

human           TCCTGGCA
GTGGGGCAGGTGGAGCTGGGCGGGGGCCCTGGTGCAGGCAGCCTGCAGCCCT
chimp           CCCTGGCA
GTGGGGCAGGTGGAGCTGGGCGGGGGCCCTGGTGCAGGCAGCCTGCAGCCCT
gorilla         CCCTGGCA
GTGGGGCAGGTGGAGCTGGGCGGGGGCCCTGGTGCAGGCAGCCTGCAGCCCT
orang           CCCTGGCA
GTGGGGCAGGTGGAGCTGGGCGGGGGCCCTGGTGCAGGCAGCCTGCAGCCCT
                 ***********************************************************
                        V  G  Q  V  E  L  G  G  G  P  G  A  G  S  L  Q  P  L

human           
TGGCCCTGGAGGGGTCCCTGCAGAAGCGTGGCATTGTGGAACAATGCTGTACCAGCATCT
chimp           
TGGCCCTGGAGGGGTCCCTGCAGAAGCGTGGTATCGTGGAACAATGCTGTACCAGCATCT
gorilla         
TGGCCCTGGAGGGGTCCCTGCAGAAGCGTGGCATCGTGGAACAGTGCTGTACCAGCATCT
orang           
TGGCCCTGGAGGGGTCCCTGCAGAAGCGTGGTATCGTGGAACAATGCTGTACCAGCATCT
                ******************************* ** ******** ****************
                  A  L  E  G  S  L  Q  K  R  G  I  V  E  Q  C  C  T  S  I  C
                                                        
INS-38       INS-39
human           
GCTCCCTCTACCAGCTGGAGAACTACTGCAACTAGACGCAGCCYGCAGGCAGCCCCMCAC
chimp           
GCTCCCTCTACCAGCTGGAGAACTACTGCAACTAGATG----------------------
gorilla         
GCTCCCTCTACCAGCTGGAGAACTACTGCAACTAGATGCAGCCCGCAGGCAGCCCCACAC
orang           
GCTCCCTCTACCAGCTGGAGAACTACTGCAACTAGATGTGGCCGGCAGGCGGCCCCGCAC
                ************************************ *                      
                  S  L  Y  Q  L  E  N  Y  C  N

human           
CCGCCGCCTCCTGCACCGAGAGAGATGGAATAAAGCCCTTGAACCAGCCCTGCTGTGCCG
chimp           
---------------------------GAATAAAGCCCTTGAACCAGCCCTGCTGTGCCG
gorilla         
CCTCCGCCTCCTGCACCGAGAGACATGGAATAAAGCCCCTGAACCAGCCCTGCTGTGCCG
orang           
CCTCCGCCTCCTGCACCGAGAGAGATGGAATAAAGCCCTTGAACCAGCCCTGCTGTGCCG
                                           *********** *********************

human           TCTGTGTGTCTTGGGGGCCCTGGGCCAAGCCCCACTTCCCGGCACTGTTGTGAGCCCCTC
chimp           TCTGTGTGTCTTGGGGGCCCTGGGCCAAGCCCCACTTCCCGGCACTGTTGTGAGCCCCTC
gorilla         TCTGTGTGTCTTGGGGGCCCTGGGCCAAGCCCCACTTCCCGGCACTGTTGTGAGCCCCTC
orang           TCTGTGTGTCTTGGGGGCCCTGGGCCAAGCCCCACTTCCCGGCACTGTTGTGAGCCCCTC
                ************************************************************

human           CCAGCTCTCTCCACGCTCTCTGGGTGCCCACAGGTGCCAACGCCGGCCAGGCCCAGCATG
chimp           CCAGCTCTCTCCATGCTCTCTGGGTGCCCACAGGTGCCAATGCCGGCCAGGCCCAGCATG
gorilla         CCAGCTCTCTCCATGCTCTCTGGGTGCCCACAGGTGCCAACGCCAGCCAGGCCCAGCATG
orang           CCAGCTCTCTCCACGCTCTCTGGGTGCCCACAGGTGCCAACGCCGGCCAGGCCCAGCATG
                ************* ************************** *** ***************
                                            
INS-40
human           CAGTGGCTCTCCCCAAAGCGGCCATGCCTGTYGGCTGCCTGCTGCCCCCACCCTGTGGCT
chimp           CAGTGGCTCTCCCCAAAGCGGCCATGCCTGTCGGCTGCCTGCTACCCCCACCCTGTGGCT
gorilla         CAGTGGCTCTCCCCAAAGCGGCCATGCCTGTCGGCTGCCTGCTACCCCCACCCTGTGGCT
orang           CAGTGGCTCTCCCCAAAGCGGCGATGCCTGTCGGCTGCCTGCT------ACCCTGGGGCT
                ********************** ******** ***********      ****** ****
                                 
INS-41                  INS-42
human           CAGGGTCCAGTATGGGAGCT
KCGGGGGTCTCTGAGGGGCCAGGGRTGGTGGGGCCACTGA
chimp           CAGGGTCCAGTATGGGAGCTGCGGGGGTCTCTCAGGGGCCAGGGGTGGTGCAGCCACTGA
gorilla         CAGGGTCCAGTATGGGAGCTGCGGGGGTCTCTGAGGGGCCAGGGGTGGTGGGGCCACTGA
orang           CAGAGTCCAGTGTCGGAGCTGCGGGGGTCTCTGAGGGGCC-GGGGTGGTGGGGCCACTGA
                *** ******* * ****** *********** ******* *** *****  ********

human           GAAGTGACTTCTTGTTCAGTAGCTCTGGACTCTTGGAGTCCCCAGAGACCTTGTTCAGGA
chimp           GAAATGACTTCTTGTTCAGTAGCTCTGGACTCTTGGAGTCCCCAGAGACCTTGTTCAGGA
gorilla         GAAATGACTTCTTGTTCAGTAGCTCTGGACTCTTGGAGTCCCCAGAGACCTTGTTCAGGA
orang           GAAATGACTTCTTGTTCAGTAGCTCTGGACCCTCGGAGTCCCCAGAGACCTTGTTCAGGA
                *** ************************** ** **************************

human           AAGGGAATGAGAACATTCCAGCAATTTTCCCCCCACCTAGCCCTCCCAGGTTCTATTTTT
chimp           AAGGGAATGAGAACATTCCAGCAATTTTCCCCCCACCTAGCCCTCCCAGGTTCTATTTTT
gorilla         AAGGGAATGAGAACATTCCAGCAATTTTCCCCCCACCTAGCCCTCCCAGGTTCTATTTTT
orang           AAGGGAATGAGAACATTCCAGCAATTTTCCCCCCACCTAGCCCTCCCAGGTTCTATTTTT
                ************************************************************

human           AGAGTTATTTCTGATGGAGTCCCTGTGGAGGGAGGAGGCTGGGCTGAGGGAGGGGGTCCT
chimp           AGAGTTATTTCTGATGGAGTCCCTGTGGAGGGAGGAGGCTGGGCTGAGGGAGGGGGTCCT
gorilla         AGATTTATTTCTGATGGAGTCCCTGTGGAGGGAGGAGGCTGGGCTGAGGGAGGGGGTCCT
orang           AGAGTTATTTCTGATGGAGTCCCTATGGAGGAAGGAGGATGGGCTGAGGGAGGGGGTCCT
                *** ******************** ****** ****** *********************

human           GCAGGGCGGGGGGCTGGGAAGGTGGGGAGAGGCTGCCGAGAGCCACCCGCTATCCCCAGC
chimp           GCAGGGCAGGGGGCTGGGAAGGTGGGGAGAGGCTGCCGAGAGCCACCCGCTATCCCCAGC
gorilla         GCAGGGCGGGGGGCTGGGAAGGTGGGGAGAGGCTGCTGAGAGCCACCCGCTATCCCCAGC
orang           GCAGGGCAGGGGGCTGGGAAGGTGGGGAGAGGCTGCCGAGAGCCACCCGCTATCCCCAGC
                ******* **************************** ***********************

human           TCTGGGCAGCCCCGGGACAGTCACACACCCTGGCCTCGCGGCCCAAGCTGGCAGCCGTCT
chimp           TCTGGGCAGCCCCGGGACAGTCACACACCCTGGCCTCGCGGCCCAAGCTGGCAGCCGTCT
gorilla         TCTGGGCAGCCCTGGGACAGTCACACACCCTGGCCTCGCGGCCCAAGCTGGCAGCCGTCT
orang           TCCGGGCAGCCCCGGGACAGTCACACACCCTGGCCTCGCGGCCCAAGCTGGCAGCCATCT
                ** ********* ******************************************* ***

human           GCAGCCACAG--TATGCCAGCCCAGGTCCAGCCAGACACCTGAGGGACCCACTGGTGCCT
chimp           GCAGCCACAGCTTATGCCAGCCCAGGTCCAGCCAGACACCTGAGGGACCCACTGGTGCCT
gorilla         GCAGCCACAGCTTATGCCAGCCCAGGTCCAGCCAGACACCTGAGGGACCCACTGGTGCCT
orang           GCAGCCACAGCTTATGCCAGCCCAGGTCCAGCCAGACACCTGAGGGACCCACTGGTGCCT
                **********  ************************************************

human           TGGAGGAAGCAGGAGAGGTCAGATGGCACCATGAGCTGGGGCAGGTGCAGGGACCGTGGC
chimp           TGGAGGAAGCAGGAGAGGTCAGATGGCACCATGAGCTGGGGCAGGTGCAGGGACCGTGGC
gorilla         TGGAGGAAGCAGGAGAGGTCAGATGGCACCATGAGCTGGGGCAGGTGCAGGGACCGTGGC
orang           TGGAGGAAGCAGGAGAGCTCGGACGGCACCATGAGCCGGGGCAGGTGCAGGGACCGTGGC
                ***************** ** ** ************ ***********************

human           AGCACCTGGCAGGGCCTCAGAACCCATGCCTTGGGCACCCCGGCCATGAGGCCCTGAGGA
chimp           AGCACCGGGCAGGGCCTCAGAACCCATGCCTTGGGCACCCTGGCCATAAGGCCCTGAGGA
gorilla         AGCACCGGGCAGGGCCTCAGAACCCATGCCTTGGGCACCCTGACCATAAGGCCCTGAGGA
orang           AGCACTGGGCAGGGCCTCAGAACCCACGCCTTGGGCACCCTGGCCATAAGGCCCTGAGGG
                *****  ******************* ************* * **** *********** 
                                                                
INS-43
human           TTGCAGCCCAGGAGAAGCAGGGAACCGCCAGGGCCACAGGGGCAGAGACCASGGCCAGGG
chimp           TTGCAGCCCAGGAGAAGCAGGGAACCGCCAGGGCCACAAGGGCAGAGACCAGGGCCAGGG
gorilla         TTGCAGCCCAGGAGAACCAGGGAACCGCCAGGGCCACAAGGGCAGAGACCAGGGCCAGGG
orang           TTGCAGCCCAGGAGGACCAGGGAACCGCCAGGGCCACAGGGGCAGAGACCAGGGCCAGGG
                ************** * ********************* ************ ********
                                  
INS-45
human           TCCCCCTGCAGCCCCTTAGCCYACCCCCTCCCAGTAAGCAGGGCTGCTTGGCTGGCTTCC
chimp           TCCCCCTGCAGCCCCTTAGCCCACTGCCTCCCAGTAAGCAGGGCTGCTTGGCTGGCTTCC
gorilla         TCCCCCTGCAGCCCCTTAGCCCACCGCCTCCCAGTAAGCAGGGCTGCTTGGCTGGCTTCC
orang           TCCCCCTGCAGCCCCTTAGCCCACCCCCTCCCAGTAAGCAGGGCTGCTTGGCTGGCTTCC
                ********************* **  **********************************

human           TTTGCTACAGACCTGCTGCTCACCCAGAAGGGCCCACGGGCCCTGGTGACAAGGTCGTTG
chimp           TTGGCTACAGACCTGCTGCTCACCCAGAAGGGCCCACGGGCCCTGGTGACAAGGTCGTTG
gorilla         TTTGCTACAGACCTGCTGCTCACCCAGAAGGGCCCACGGGCCCTGGTGACAAGGTTGTTG
orang           TTTGCTGCAGACCTGCTGCTCACCCAGAAGGGCCCACGGGCCCTGGTGACAAGGTCGTTC
                ** *** ************************************************ *** 

human           TGGCTCCAGGTCCTTGGGGGTCCTGACACAGAGCCTCTTCTGCAGCACCCCTGAGGACAG
chimp           TGGCTCCAGGTCCTTGGGGGTCCTGACACAGAGCCTCTTCTTCCGCACCC-TGAGGACAG
gorilla         TGGCTCCAGGTCCTTGGGGGTCCTGACACAGAGCCTCTTCTGCAGCACCCCTGAGGACAG
orang           TGGCTCCAGGTCCTTGGGGTTCCTGACACGGAGCCTTTTCTTCAGCACCCCTGAGGACAG
                ******************* ********* ****** **** * ****** *********

human           GGTGGCTCCGCTGGGCACCCAGCCTAGTGGGCAGACGAGAACCTAGGGGCTGCCTGGGCC
chimp           GGTGGCTCCGCTGGGCACCCAGCCTAGTGGGCAGACGAGAACCTAGGGGCTGCCTGGGCC
gorilla         GGTGGCTCCGCTGGGCACCCAGCCTAGTGGGCAGATGAGAACCTAGGGGCTGCCTGGGCC
orang           GGTGGCTCCGCTGGGCACCCAGCCTAGTGGGCAGACGAGAACCTACGGGCTGCCTGGGCC
                *********************************** ********* **************

human           TACTGTGGCCTGGGAGGTCAGCGGGTGACCCTAGCTACCCTGTGGCTGGGCCAGTCTGCC
chimp           TACTGTGGCCTGGGAGGTCAGCGGGTGACCCTAGCTACCCTGTGGCTGGGCCAGTCTGCC
gorilla         TACTGTGGCCTGGGAGGTCAGCGGGTGACCCTAGCTACCCTGTGGCTGGGCCAGTCTGCC
orang           TACTGTGGCCTGGGAGGTCAGCGGGTGACCCTAGCTACCCTGTGGCTGGGCCAGCCTGCC
                ****************************************************** *****
                                                            
INS-49     INS-71
human           TGCCACCCAGGCCAAACCAATCTGCACCTTTCCTGAGAGCTCCACCCWGGGCTGGGCTGG
chimp           TGCCACCCAGGCCAAACCAATCTGCACCTTTCCTGAGAGCACCACCCAGGGCTGGGCTGG
gorilla         TGCCACCCAGGCCAAACCAATCTGCACCTTTCCTGAGAGCTCCACCCAGGGCTGGGCTGG
orang           TGCCACCCAGGCCAAACCAATCTGCACCTTTCCTGAGAGCTCCACCCAGGGCTGGGCTGG
                **************************************** ****** ************

human           
GGATGGCTGGGCCTGGGGCTGGCATGGGCTGTGGCTGCAGACCACTGCCAGCTTGGGCCT
chimp           GGATGGCTGGGCCTGGGGCTGGCATGGGCTGTGGCTGCAGACCACTGCCAGCTTGGGCCT
gorilla         GGATGGCTGGGCCTGGGGCTGGCATGCGCTGTGGCTGCAGACCACTGCCAGCTTGGGCCT
orang           GGATGGCTGGGCCTGGGGCTGGCATAGGCTGTGGCTGCAGACCACTGCCAGCTTGGGCCT
                *************************  *********************************

human           CGAGGCCAGGAGCTCACCC-TCCAGCTGGGGACCTGGCCACTGGGGCAGCCCTGTTCCTG
chimp           CGAGGCCAGGAGCTCACCCCTCCAGCTGGGGACCTGGCCATTGGGGCAGCCCTGTTTCTG
gorilla         CGAGGCCAGGAGCTCACCC-TCCAGCTGGGGACCTGGCCAGTGGGGCAGCCCTGTTCCTG
orang           CGAGGCCAGGAGCTCGCCC-TCCAGCTGGAGACCTGGCCATTGGGGCAGCCCTGTCCCTG
                *************** *** ********* ********** **************  ***

human           AAGCTCTGAGCTCACCCCTTCCCCATGACCACATCAGCCCCCCTCCACCCAGAGATGTCA
chimp           AAGCTCTGAGCTCACCCCTTCCCCATGACCACATCAGCCCCCTTCCACCCAAAGATGTCA
gorilla         AAGCTCTGAGCTCACCCCTTCCCCATGACCACATCAGCCCCCCTCCACCCAGAGATGTCA
orang           AAGCTCTGAGCTCACCCCTTCCCCATGACCACATCAGCCCCCCTCCACCCAGAGATGTCA
                ****************************************** ******** ********

human           CAGCCCCCAGCTAGCCCCGCCTCCAGAGTGGGGGCCAAGGCTGGGCAGGCGGGTGGACGG
chimp           CAGCCCCCAGCTAGCCCCGCCTCCAGAGTGGGGGCCAAGGCTGGGCAGGCGGGTGGACGG
gorilla         CAGCCCCCAGCTAGCCCCGCCTCCAGAGTGGGGGCCAAGGCTGGGCAGGCGGGTGGACGG
orang           CAGCCCCCAGCTAGCCCCGCCTCCAGAGTGGGGGCCAAGGCTGGGCAGGCGGGTGGACGG
                ************************************************************
                             IGF2 Exon 1 (5´ UTR)
human           CCGGACACTGGCC
CCGGAAGAGGAGGGAGGCGGTGGCTGGGATCGGCAGCAGCCGTCCAT
chimp           CCGGACACTGGCC
CCGGAAGAGGAGGGAGGCGGTGGCTGGGATCTGCAGCAGCCGTCCAT
gorilla         CCGGACACTGGCC
CCGGAAGAGGAGGGAGGCGGTGGCTGGGATCGGCAGCAGCCGTCCAT
orang           CCGGACACTGGCC
CCGGAAGAGGAGGGAGGCGGTGGCTGGGATCGGCAGCAGCCGTCCAT
                ******************************************** ***************

human           
GGGAACACCCAGCCGGCCCCACTCGCACGGGTAGAGACAGGGGCGCCCTGCTGGAGCTGA
chimp           
GGGAACACCCAGCCGGCCCCACTCGCACGGGTAGAGACAGGGGCGCCCTGCTGGAGCTGA
gorilla         
GGGAACACCCAGCCGGCCCTACTCGCACGGGTAGAGACAGGGGCGCCCTGCTGGAGCTGA
orang           
GGGAACACCCAGCCGGCCCCACTCGCACGGGTAGAGACAGGGGCGCCCTGCTGGAGCTGA
                ******************* ****************************************
                      IGF2 Intron 1
human           
GGTATGTGAGCTCGCGCGGGGCTGGGCCAAAGCGGGGCCCGGTGGGCCGGCTGGGAGGCT
chimp           
GGTATGTGAGCTCGCGCGGGGCTGGGCCAAAGCGGGGCCCGGTGGGCCGGCTGGGAGGCT
gorilla         
GGTATGTGAGCTCGCGCGGGGCTGGGCCAAAGTGGGGCCCGGTGGGCCGGCTGGGAGGCT
orang           
GGTATGTGAGCTCGCGCGGGGCTGGGCCAAAGTGGGGCCCGGTGGGCCGGCTGGGAGGCT
                ******************************** ***************************

human           GCCCACCAGTCAGCCATCGGCCAAGCTGTTGCCCTGGCTGACCCTGATGGCCAACAAGGC
chimp           GCCCACCAGTCAGCCATCGGCCAAGCTGTTGCCCTGGCTGACCCTGATGGCCAACAAGGC
gorilla         GCCCACCAGTCAGCCATCGGCCAAGCTGTTGCCCTGGCTGACCCTGATGGCCAACAAGGC
orang           GCCCACCAGTCAGCCATCAGCCAAGCTGTTGCCCTGGCTGACCCTGATGGCCAACAAGGC
                ****************** *****************************************
                                      
INS-51
human           CGTAGGGAGTGATGGGCAGAGGCCCSTTCTGGGAGGGGAGGGTCAGTGCTCTGTGGGGGA
chimp           CGCAGGGAGTGATGGGCAGAGGCCCGTTCTGGGAGGGGAGGGTCAGTGCTCTGTGGGGGA
gorilla         CGTAGGGAGTGATGGGCAGAGGCCCGTTCTGGGAGGGGAGGGTCAGTGCTCTGTGGGGGA
orang           CATAGGGAGTGATGGGCAGAGGCCCCTTCTGGGAGGGGAGGGTCAGTGCTCTGTGGGGGA
                *  ********************** **********************************
                 
INS-52
human           CCGTRTGTTGGAGTGGAGGGCAGCAGGAGGAGCCCTTTGGTGTCCAGGGACTCCTGGAGC
chimp           CCATGTGTTGGAGTGGAGGGCAGCAGGAGGAGCCCTTTGGTGTCCAGGGACTCCTGGAGC
gorilla         CCGTGTGTTGGAGTGGAGGGCAGCAGGAGGAGCCCTTTGGTGTCCAGGGACTCCTGGAGC
orang           CCGTGTGTTGGAGAGGTGGGCAGCAGGAGGAGCCCTTTGGTGTCCGGGGACTCCTGGAGC
                ** * ******** ** **************************** **************
                                                                  
INS-53
human           TGCCCCAGCCTTCCAGGACTTGCAGGGCAGCTGGCACTGGCTGGTGCTGGGGGMTGAGGA
chimp           TGCCCCAGCCTTCCAGGACTTGCAGGGCAGCTGGCACTGGCTGGTGCTGGGGGCTGAGGA
gorilla         TGCCCCAGCCTTCCAGGACTTGCAGGGCAGCTGGCACTGGCTGGTGCTGGGGGCTGAGGA
orang           TGCCCTAGCCTTCCAGGACTTGCAGGGCAGCTGGCACTGGCTGGTGCTGGGGGCTGAGGA
                ***** *********************************************** ******
                    
INS-54
human           GTGTCTTYTGAGGGGCCAAATTTTCTGTGACTTCTGTCCTGGGGGACCTCTGACCTGAGG
chimp           GTGTCTTTTGAGGGGCCAAATTTTCTGTGACTTCTGTCCTGGGGGACCTCTGACCTGAGG
gorilla         GTGTCTTTTGAGGGGCCAAATTTTCTGTGACTTCTGTCCTGGGGGACCTCTGACCTGAGG
orang           GTGTCTTTTGAGGGGCCAAATTTTCTGTGACTTCTGTCGTGGGTGACCTCTGACCTGAGG
                ******* ****************************** **** ****************
                                
INS-73
human           CCTCAGGAGAGGGCAAGGCYGCCCACCCAAAAGAGATGCAGCCATGGTTCGCGGTGCCCT
chimp           CCTCAGGAGAGGGCAAGGCCGCCCACCCAAAAGAGATGCAGCCATGGTTCGCGGTGCCCT
gorilla         CCTCAGGAGAGGGCAAGGCTGCCCACCCA--AGAGACGCAGCCATGGTTCGCGGTGCCCT
orang           CCTCAGGAGAGGGCAAGGCTGCTCACCCAAAAGAGACGCAGCCATGGTTCGCGGTGCCCT
                ******************* ** ******  ***** ***********************
                         
INS-56
human           CGGCTGCCCTGGRCCAGAGCTGGGGCTAGCTTTCACCTTGTTGAGACCCAGGACTCTGTC
chimp           CAGCTGCCCTGGGCCAGAGCTGGGGCTAGCTTTCACCTTGTTGAGACCCAGGACTCTGTC
gorilla         CGGCTGCCCTGGGCCAGAGCTGGGGCTAGCTTTCACCTTGTTGAGACCCAGGACTCTGTC
orang           CGGCTGCCCTGGGCCAGAGCTAGGGCCAGCTTTCGCCTTGTTGAGACCCAGGACTCTGTC
                * ********** ******** **** ******* *************************
                                   
INS-74
human           CCCCAAGCCTGTCTTCGCCAGCRCCTTGACCCCACCCCTCATATACTGTGTCCTGGAAAA
chimp           CCCCAAGCCTGTCTTCGCCAGCGCCTTGACCCCACCCCCCACACACTGTGTCCTGGAAAA
gorilla         CCCCAAGCCTGTCTTCGCCAGCGCCTTGACCCCGCCCCC-ACACACTGTGTCCTGGAAAA
orang           CCCCAAGCCTGCCTTCACCAGCGCCCTGACCCCACCCCCCATACACTGTGTCCTGGAAAA
                *********** **** ***** ** ******* ****  * * ****************
                              
INS-57
human           CGTGGACACGGGAGACCRCAGCCAGGGCGAGGTATCGCCCCTCCATCCCCCCAGGCCCAA
chimp           GGTGGACACAGGAGACCACAGCCAGGGCGAGGTATCGCCCCTCCATCCCCCCAGGCCCAA
gorilla         GGTGGACACGGGAGACCACAGCCAGGGTGAGGTAYCGCGCCTCCATCCCCCCAGGCCCAA
orang           GGTGGACACGGGAGACCACAGCCAGGGCGAGGTATCGCCCCTCCATCCCCCCAGGTCCAA
                 ******** ******* ********* ****** *** **************** ****
                   
INS-60
human           TGAGAARCAGTTGGCCAAGGTGATCCAGGTGGCAGAGGCAGCATCAGACCCAGTCTCCTG
chimp           TGAGAAGCAGTTGGCCAAGGTGATCCAGGTGGCAGAGGCAGCATCAGACCCAGTCTTCTG
gorilla         TGAGAAGCAGTTGGCCTAGGTGATCCAGGTGGCAGAGGCAGCATCAGACCCAGTCTCCTG
orang           TGAGAAGCAGCTGGCCAAGGTGACCCAGGTGGCAGAGGCAACATCAGACCCAGTCTTCTT
                ****** *** ***** ****** **************** *************** ** 

human           TCAGGCACCACCTTGGGTGCCGGTCCCCAGATGCCCTGGCGGGGAGTGTGCATGCTCCCG
chimp           TCAGGCACCACCTTGGGTGCCGGTCCCCAGATGCCCTGGCGGGGAGTGTGGATGCTCCCG
gorilla         TCAGGCACCACCTTGGGTGCCGGTCCCCAGATGCCCTGGCGGGGAGTGTGGATGCTCCCG
orang           TCGGGCACCACCTTGGGTGCCGGTCCCCAGGTGCCCTGGCGGGGATTGTGGATGCTTCCG
                ** *************************** ************** **** ***** ***

human           GAGCCCCCAGGTCACCCCATGTGAGCCAGGCCCACAGAGCTTGGCTCTGCAATGCCTGCT
chimp           GAGCCCCCAGGTCACCCCATGTGAGCCAGGCCCACAGAGCTTGGCTCTGCAATGCCTGCT
gorilla         GAGCCCCCAGGTCACCCCATGTGAGCCAGGCCCACAGAACTTGGCTCTGCAATGCCTGCT
orang           GAGCCCCCAGGTCACCCCATGTGAGCCAGGCCCACAGAGCTTGGCTCTGCAACGCCTGCT
                ************************************** ************* *******
                                                            
INS-63
human           GGGCTGCTGCCCATGCTCCACCCCTTCTGGGAAGCTAAAAGACAGCCYTTCAGTGTCCAG
chimp           GGGCCGCTGCCTATGCTCCACCCCTTCTGGGAAGCTAAAAGACAGCCCTTCAGTGTCCAG
gorilla         GGGCCGCTGCCTATGCTCCACC--TTCTGGGAAGCTAAAAGACAGCCCTTCAGTGTCCAG
orang           GGGCTGCTGCCTATGCTCCACCCCTTCTGGGAAGCTAAAAGACAGCCCTTCAGTGTCCAG
                **** ****** **********  *********************** ************
                                    
INS-64           INS-66
                                       
INS-65         INS-67
human           AGACCTGCCTGGCCTTGGAGCCT
SGGYTTCACATGCCCACYRGGCTGGCAGGGGCACTCA
chimp           AGACCTGCCTGGCCTTGGAGCCTGGGTTTCACATGCCCACCAGGCTGGCAGGGGCACTCA
gorilla         AGACCTGCCTGGCCTTGGAGCCTGGGTTTCACATGCTCACCGGGCTGGCAGGGGCACTCA
orang           AGACCTACCTGGCCTTGGAGCCTGGGCTTCACATGCCCACTGGGCTGGCAGGGACA????
                ****** **************** ** ********* ***  *********** ******
                            
INS-68
human           GCTGCCTCCAGCCCCRGCGGTCACCCTGGCATTGGGTCCATCTAACTGCTCCCCAGTCAC
chimp           GCTGCCTCCAGCCCCGGCGGTCACCCTGGCA?????????????????????????????
gorilla         GCT?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
orang           ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
                ***                                                         

human           AAG
chimp           ???
gorilla         ???
orang           ???

 


These pages provide supplementary information for the following publications:

Global haplotype diversity in the human insulin gene region. Stead, J.D.H., Hurles, M.E. and Jeffreys, A.J. Genome Res. 13, 2101-11 (2003)

Structural analysis of insulin minisatellite alleles reveals unusually large differences in diversity between Africans and non-Africans. Stead, J.D.H. and Jeffreys, A.J. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71, 1273-84 (2002)

Influence of allele lineage on the role of the insulin minisatellite in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Stead, J.D.H., Buard, J., Todd, J.A. and Jeffreys, A.J. Hum. Mol. Genet., 9, 2929-2935 (2000).

Allele diversity and germline mutation at the insulin minisatellite. Stead, J.D.H. and Jeffreys, A.J. Hum. Mol. Genet., 9, 713-723 (2000).

If you refer to these data, please cite the relevant publication.




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Last updated: 8 September, 2005
Celia A. May
The views expressed in this document are those of the document owner, John D.H. Stead.